CAJ | 학술논문

摘要：20世纪60年代韩国迅速推进了国家的工业化和城市化，工农业发展严重失衡，农村问题十分突出。韩国政府和学者依据国情和农情，经过科学论证，组织实施了新村建设与发展运动，把经济发展、科技发展和国家伦理道德建设紧密结合起来，在一个资本主义体制和发展中国家成功地实现了国家物质文明和精神文明的协调与跨越式发展。韩国新村运动发展是在国民伦理水平与社会发展不相适应、农业濒临崩溃、工农与城乡差距大、农村经济落后、农民生活困难以及文化颓废、乡风堕落、环境污染、管理混乱的农村背景下进行的。韩国新村运动以农民脱贫致富为内在动力，使运动上升为新国家建设运动，新村运动的核心是新村教育，官民一体和“民主导”，学者广泛参与，发挥积极作用，建立和谐文明的公民社会是新村运动的最大成就。因此，社会主义新农村建设应该借鉴韩国经验，健全组织管理体系，完善财政投入体制，加强调查研究和完善制度，充分发挥农民的首创精神，推动组织体制创新，保证新农村建设做到善始善终与可持续发展。
적요：20세기60년대한국신속추진료국가적공업화화성시화，공농업발전엄중실형，농촌문제십분돌출。한국정부화학자의거국정화농정，경과과학론증，조직실시료신촌건설여발전운동，파경제발전、과기발전화국가윤리도덕건설긴밀결합기래，재일개자본주의체제화발전중국가성공지실현료국가물질문명화정신문명적협조여과월식발전。한국신촌운동발전시재국민윤리수평여사회발전불상괄응、농업빈림붕궤、공농여성향차거대、농촌경제락후、농민생활곤난이급문화퇴폐、향풍타락、배경오염、관리혼란적농촌배경하진행적。한국신촌운동이농민탈빈치부위내재동력，사운동상승위신국가건설운동，신촌운동적핵심시신촌교육，관민일체화“민주도”，학자엄범삼여，발휘적겁작용，건립화해문명적공민사회시신촌운동적최대성취。인차，사회주의신농촌건설응해차감한국경험，건전조직관리체계，완선재정투입체제，가강조사연구화완선제도，충분발휘농민적수창정신，추동조직체제창신，보증신농촌건설주도선시선종여가지속발전。
Abstract： The industrialization and coumry a quite serious imbalance urbanization advanced rapidly in South Korea in the 1960s caused to the between agriculture and industry and rather prominent rural problems. Based on the national and rural condition, the South Korean government and scholars organized and implemented the New Rural Construction and Development Movement through scientific argumentations and by closely combining economic development, technological development and national ethical construction successfully realized the harmonious great-leap-forward development of material and spiritual civilization in a developing capitalist country. The South Korean New Village Movement was conducted in the background： The national ethical level didn＇t match its social development; the agriculture was on the verge of collapse; great gaps existed both between agriculture and industry and between urban and rural areas; the rural economy lagged behind and the peasants lived in poverty; the rural culture was decadent and the rural common practice degenerated; the rural environment was polluted; and the rural management was in chaos. The social characteristics of the South Korean New Village Movement are shown as follows：Peasants＂ desire to get rid of poverty and become rich functions as the internal power of the movement and upgrades the movement as a new country building movement; the core of the New Village Movement lies in the New Village education; the government integrates with the masses, the south Korean people lead the movement, and scholars participate widely in the movement and play a positive role; and constructing a harmonious civilized citizen society becomes the greatest achievement of the movement. Therefore, it is suggested that the South Korean experience be used for reference to construct the Chinese socialist new countryside; the organizational and managemental system be made sound; the fiscal input system be perfected; surveys and researches be strengthened and systems be improved; full play be given to the peasants＂ pioneering spirit; the innowLtion of organization and system be pushed forward; the New Countryside construction be able to advance with the times and begin well and end well.