CAJ | 학술논문

通过应用乌桕、夹竹桃、大叶冬青、珊瑚朴、薄壳山核桃、苦楝6种木本植物叶浸液对钉螺驱杀实验及其解剖结构的影响研究，结果表明：（1）薄壳山核桃、珊瑚朴叶浸提液较短时间对钉螺几乎没有毒杀作用，苦楝叶浸液对钉螺毒杀作用最明显，其依次是夹竹桃、乌桕、大叶冬青；随着时间的推移，6种叶浸液对钉螺毒杀作用均达100％。（2）不同树种叶浸提混合液对钉螺的毒害作用明显大于单种植物浸提液。钉螺分别在大叶冬青×薄壳山核桃、夹竹桃×苦楝、冬青×乌桕、珊瑚朴×乌桕4种叶浸提混合液处理下，从5-30min，冬青X薄壳山核桃处理组的钉螺逃逸率10％～12％。假死率88％。99％；夹竹桃×苦楝处理组的钉螺逃逸率始终是0％，假死率始终是100％；冬青×乌桕处理组的钉螺逃逸率0。2％，假死率98％。100％；珊瑚朴×乌桕处理组的钉螺逃逸率8％-24％，假死率76％-97％。（3）钉螺分别在珊瑚朴、薄壳山核桃、乌桕、夹竹桃、大叶冬青、苦楝6种叶浸提液处理24h后，6种处理的雄性螺的阴茎、雌性螺的卵巢解剖结构分别与对照相比，均无明显变化。因此，在建设血防林时，可以考虑利用像大叶冬青、乌桕、夹竹桃、苦楝等树种营造混交林，对钉螺的分布与驱散有一定的作用。
통과응용오구、협죽도、대협동청、산호박、박각산핵도、고련6충목본식물협침액대정라구살실험급기해부결구적영향연구，결과표명：（1）박각산핵도、산호박협침제액교단시간대정라궤호몰유독살작용，고련협침액대정라독살작용최명현，기의차시협죽도、오구、대협동청；수착시간적추이，6충협침액대정라독살작용균체100％。（2）불동수충협침제혼합액대정라적독해작용명현대우단충식물침제액。정라분별재대협동청×박각산핵도、협죽도×고련、동청×오구、산호박×오구4충협침제혼합액처리하，종5-30min，동청X박각산핵도처리조적정라도일솔10％～12％。가사솔88％。99％；협죽도×고련처리조적정라도일솔시종시0％，가사솔시종시100％；동청×오구처리조적정라도일솔0。2％，가사솔98％。100％；산호박×오구처리조적정라도일솔8％-24％，가사솔76％-97％。（3）정라분별재산호박、박각산핵도、오구、협죽도、대협동청、고련6충협침제액처리24h후，6충처리적웅성라적음경、자성라적란소해부결구분별여대조상비，균무명현변화。인차，재건설혈방림시，가이고필이용상대협동청、오구、협죽도、고련등수충영조혼교림，대정라적분포여구산유일정적작용。
This paper studied the expelling and killing effects of leaf extracts of 6 woody plant species including Triadica sebifera, Nerium oleander, llex latifolia, Celtis julianae, Carya illinoensis and Melia azedarach on Oncomelania hupensis and the impact of the extracts on the anatomical structures of its reproductive organs. The results showed： 1. The leaf extracts of Carya illinoensis and Celtis julianae had nearly no short-time poisonous killing effects on Oncomelania hupensis and those of Melia azedaroch had the most significant poisonous killing effects, followed by Nerium oleander, Triadica sebifera and Llex lotifolia. The leaf extracts of the 6 plant species all had 100% poisonous killing effects over time. 2. The poisonous killing effects of the mixed leaf extracts of different plant species are significantly greater than those of single species leaf extracts. Under the 5-to-30min-long treatments with mixed leaf extracts of llex latifolia ~ Carya iUinoensis, Nerium oleander ~ Melia azedarach, llex latifolia x Triadica sebifera, and Celtis julianae x Triadica sebifera, the escape rate and feign death rate were 10-12% and 90-88% respectively for the treatment group of Ilex latifolia x Carya illinoensis, 0% and 100% respectively for that of Nerium oleander x Melia azedarach, 0-2% and 100-98% respectively for that of llex latifolia x Triadica sebifera, and 8-24% and 92-76% respectively for that of Celtis julianae x Triadica sebifera. 3. After the respective treatments with leaf extracts of Celtis julianae, Carya illinoensis, Triadica sebifera, Nerium oleander, Ilex latifolia and Melia azedarach for 24 hours, the anatomical structures of both the male penises and female ovaries of Oncomelania hupensis showed no significant changes compared with the control group. Consequently, mixed afforestation with llex latifolia, Triadica sebifera, Nerium oleander and Melia azedarach should be considered in the construction of schistosomasis-prevention forests, which would have definite effects on the distribution and expulsion of Oncomelania hupensis.