苏州科技学院学报：社会科学版
囌州科技學院學報：社會科學版
소주과기학원학보：사회과학판
Journal of University of Science and Technology of Suzhou:Social Science
2012年
3期
76-80
,共5页
明代%都察院%洪武十四年%反证法
明代%都察院%洪武十四年%反證法
명대%도찰원%홍무십사년%반증법
the Ming Dynasty%the Imperial Supervisory Institution%the 14th year during Emperor's Hongwu reign%apagoge
明史学界对于《明史·职官志》记载的明代都察院更置于洪武十五年的说法,深信不疑。事实上,明清史籍关于明代都察院的更置时间,至少存在洪武十三年、十四年、十五年三种说法。对于洪武十三年说,由于文献存在明显的记载错误,不足为据。在洪武十四年和洪武十五年两种说法之中,运用反证法,考证明代都察院应该是更置于洪武十四年,而非洪武十五年,都察院时最高长官为监察都御史,而不是监察御史。
明史學界對于《明史·職官誌》記載的明代都察院更置于洪武十五年的說法,深信不疑。事實上,明清史籍關于明代都察院的更置時間,至少存在洪武十三年、十四年、十五年三種說法。對于洪武十三年說,由于文獻存在明顯的記載錯誤,不足為據。在洪武十四年和洪武十五年兩種說法之中,運用反證法,攷證明代都察院應該是更置于洪武十四年,而非洪武十五年,都察院時最高長官為鑑察都禦史,而不是鑑察禦史。
명사학계대우《명사·직관지》기재적명대도찰원경치우홍무십오년적설법,심신불의。사실상,명청사적관우명대도찰원적경치시간,지소존재홍무십삼년、십사년、십오년삼충설법。대우홍무십삼년설,유우문헌존재명현적기재착오,불족위거。재홍무십사년화홍무십오년량충설법지중,운용반증법,고증명대도찰원응해시경치우홍무십사년,이비홍무십오년,도찰원시최고장관위감찰도어사,이불시감찰어사。
The current Ming-history academic circles are firmly convinced that the change of Ducha Yuan（the Censorate） took place in the 15th year during Emperor Hongwu＇s reign.Actually,there are 3 versions for the exact time change,namely,the 13th year,the 14th year,and the 15th.A clear documentation mistake renders the time of the 13th year incredible.With the help of apagoge,it is obvious that the real time change happened in the 14th year rather than the 15th year during Emperor Hongwu＇s reign.Meanwhile,it is pointed out that the executive administrator of Ducha Yuan,the then imperial supervisory institution,is Chief Investigating Censor rather than Chief Imperial Censor.
