CAJ | 학술논문

自洋务运动起,我国开始大规模引进和仿制西方＂洋枪洋炮＂,开启了军队武器装备近代化的先河。由于缺乏有效统筹,各地生产和引进的＂洋枪洋炮＂样式驳杂,型号不一,严重影响了军队战斗力的提高。进入民国以后,这一问题依然存在,成为我国近代武器装备发展史上的一个严重弊端。北洋政府对此高度重视,采取了诸多措施,包括整顿和统一全国的军工生产,加强各地武器装备进口的统筹管理以及审慎确定武器装备制式、力求推广生产等,虽取得一定效果,但未能从根本上解决问题。主要原因在于军阀割据,全国武器装备的生产和进口难于统一;军工生产基础薄弱,技术落后,经费困难,军队武器装备不能自给;军制混乱、新旧参差,统属关系复杂,政府统筹管理难度加大。
자양무운동기,아국개시대규모인진화방제서방＂양창양포＂,개계료군대무기장비근대화적선하。유우결핍유효통주,각지생산화인진적＂양창양포＂양식박잡,형호불일,엄중영향료군대전두력적제고。진입민국이후,저일문제의연존재,성위아국근대무기장비발전사상적일개엄중폐단。북양정부대차고도중시,채취료제다조시,포괄정돈화통일전국적군공생산,가강각지무기장비진구적통주관리이급심신학정무기장비제식、력구추엄생산등,수취득일정효과,단미능종근본상해결문제。주요원인재우군벌할거,전국무기장비적생산화진구난우통일;군공생산기출박약,기술락후,경비곤난,군대무기장비불능자급;군제혼란、신구삼차,통속관계복잡,정부통주관리난도가대。
Since the Westernization Movement of the Qing Dynasty,China started large-scale introduction and imitation of Western guns and cannons,opening up a precedent of military weapons and equipment modernization.The lacking of effective co-ordination around the production and the introduction of guns and cannons with different styles and models seriously affected the increase of combat capabilities.When entering the period of the Republic of China,the problem remained a serious drawback in the development history of modern weapons and equipment. The Northern Government attached great importance to many measures,including rectification and unification of the country＇s military production,strengthening the co-ordinated management of import and the determination of the standardization,and striving to promote the production,which achieved some effect but failed to fundamentally solve the problem.The main reasons are： division of the country among the warlords,the ununification of production and import of weapons and equipment;the weak basis of military production,backward technology,financial difficulties,insufficient self-provision of military weapons and equipment; chaotic military system,mixed system of old and new,complex affiliation relationships,more difficult management of the government co-ordination.