CAJ | 학술논문

　　利用常规气象观测资料和NCEP 1°×1°6 h再分析资料，对2011年3月中、下旬云南两次强倒春寒天气过程(分别简称过程Ⅰ和过程Ⅱ)进行对比分析。结果表明，两次过程的影响系统不同，其造成的地面降温原因不同；垂直上升运动的厚度和强度不同，雨雪的强度和范围大小有明显差别。中低层水汽通量的增加和水汽辐合是云南大范围强降雪的必备条件，而降水对水汽通量和水汽辐合强度的要求低于降雪。过程Ⅰ水汽辐合发展高度高于过程Ⅱ，其无论降水还是降雪的强度和范围均超过过程Ⅱ。能量锋区附近不稳定能量水平梯度越大，能量积聚越多，其触发后强烈释放，带来的天气现象也越剧烈。倒春寒发生前，过程Ⅱ云南省的位势不稳定强于过程Ⅰ；倒春寒爆发后，过程Ⅱ的雷暴范围大于过程Ⅰ。低层露点锋抬升作用可触发中层强不稳定能量释放，等露点温度(Td)线分布区域对降雨(雪)及雷暴分布具有一定的指示意义。
　　이용상규기상관측자료화NCEP 1°×1°6 h재분석자료，대2011년3월중、하순운남량차강도춘한천기과정(분별간칭과정Ⅰ화과정Ⅱ)진행대비분석。결과표명，량차과정적영향계통불동，기조성적지면강온원인불동；수직상승운동적후도화강도불동，우설적강도화범위대소유명현차별。중저층수기통량적증가화수기복합시운남대범위강강설적필비조건，이강수대수기통량화수기복합강도적요구저우강설。과정Ⅰ수기복합발전고도고우과정Ⅱ，기무론강수환시강설적강도화범위균초과과정Ⅱ。능량봉구부근불은정능량수평제도월대，능량적취월다，기촉발후강렬석방，대래적천기현상야월극렬。도춘한발생전，과정Ⅱ운남성적위세불은정강우과정Ⅰ；도춘한폭발후，과정Ⅱ적뇌폭범위대우과정Ⅰ。저층로점봉태승작용가촉발중층강불은정능량석방，등로점온도(Td)선분포구역대강우(설)급뇌폭분포구유일정적지시의의。
Based on conventional observation data and NCEP 6-hourly reanalysis data with resolution 1° × 1° , comparative analysis of two strong coldness processes (called processⅠand processⅡfor short respectively) in Yunnan in middle and late March of 2011 was made. The results indicate that the reasons for surface temperature decreasing are different in the two processes because of different influence sys-tems, and the intensity and range of the rain and snow are obviously different because of different height and strength of the vertical ascending motion. The increasing of water vapor flux and the vapor convergence in the mid-and low-level are the essential conditions causing the wide-spread snowfall in Yunnan, but the rainfall requires lower intensity of water vapor flux and vapor convergence than snowfall. Intensity and range of both rainfall and snowfall in processⅠexceed ones in processⅡbecause of stretching height of vapor convergence in processⅠwas higher than that in processⅡ. The greater horizontal gradient of instable energy near energy front zone is, the more accumulative energy was, and the more drastic weathers occur after energy released. The potential instability in processⅡis stronger than that in processⅠbefore late spring cold happened and thunderstorm range in Yunnan in processⅡis wider than that in processⅠafter late spring cold occurred. The uplift effect of dew-point front in the low-level can trigger release of strong unstable energy in the middle level, and the distribution areas of isodro-sotherm have a certainly indicative significance for locations of rainfall, snowfall and thunderstorm.