人民黄河
人民黃河
인민황하
Yellow River
2013年
12期
15-18
,共4页
水库调节%冲淤量%同流量水位%过流能力%洪水%2012年%黄河上游
水庫調節%遲淤量%同流量水位%過流能力%洪水%2012年%黃河上遊
수고조절%충어량%동류량수위%과류능력%홍수%2012년%황하상유
dam regulation%scoring and siltation volume%water stage at a fixed discharge%flow capacity%flood%2012%Upper Yellow River
2012年黄河上游洪水具有洪峰流量大、持续时间长、洪水量大的特点，经过龙羊峡和刘家峡水库的调节，进入宁蒙河段的洪峰流量为2710～3520 m3/s，沿程总体呈减小趋势；内蒙古河段出现历史最高洪水位，在三湖河口到头道拐河段发生大范围漫滩。研究表明，经过洪水持续作用后，宁蒙河段平均河底高程下降，内蒙古河段1000 m3/s同流量水位显著降低，三湖河口断面同水位过流能力增加约700 m3/s；巴彦高勒-三湖河口泥沙冲刷0．421亿t，三湖河口-头道拐为淤积，其中主槽冲刷约0．260亿t、滩地淤积约0．725亿t；大漫滩洪水时的淤积量以及非漫滩洪水的主槽冲刷量均与水量具有较好的相关关系。
2012年黃河上遊洪水具有洪峰流量大、持續時間長、洪水量大的特點，經過龍羊峽和劉傢峽水庫的調節，進入寧矇河段的洪峰流量為2710～3520 m3/s，沿程總體呈減小趨勢；內矇古河段齣現歷史最高洪水位，在三湖河口到頭道枴河段髮生大範圍漫灘。研究錶明，經過洪水持續作用後，寧矇河段平均河底高程下降，內矇古河段1000 m3/s同流量水位顯著降低，三湖河口斷麵同水位過流能力增加約700 m3/s；巴彥高勒-三湖河口泥沙遲刷0．421億t，三湖河口-頭道枴為淤積，其中主槽遲刷約0．260億t、灘地淤積約0．725億t；大漫灘洪水時的淤積量以及非漫灘洪水的主槽遲刷量均與水量具有較好的相關關繫。
2012년황하상유홍수구유홍봉류량대、지속시간장、홍수량대적특점，경과룡양협화류가협수고적조절，진입저몽하단적홍봉류량위2710～3520 m3/s，연정총체정감소추세；내몽고하단출현역사최고홍수위，재삼호하구도두도괴하단발생대범위만탄。연구표명，경과홍수지속작용후，저몽하단평균하저고정하강，내몽고하단1000 m3/s동류량수위현저강저，삼호하구단면동수위과류능력증가약700 m3/s；파언고륵-삼호하구니사충쇄0．421억t，삼호하구-두도괴위어적，기중주조충쇄약0．260억t、탄지어적약0．725억t；대만탄홍수시적어적량이급비만탄홍수적주조충쇄량균여수량구유교호적상관관계。
Based on the investigation and the analysis on measured hydrological data,it was got that the flood of the upper Yellow River in 2012 featured high flood peak,long duration and large flood volume. After being regulated by Longyangxia and Liujiaxia dams successively,the dis-charge of the flood peak coming into and routing through the Ningxia and Inner Mongolia reach of the upper Yellow River varied from 2 710 m3/s to 3 520 m3/s,in a declining trend along the river generally. The historical highest water stage occurred in the Inner Mongolia reach,among which wide flood plains in the reach from Sanhuhekou to Toudaoguai were overflowed. The study shows the elevation the river channel of the Ningxia and Inner Mongolia reach drops after a long time scouring by the flood,which causes a marked lowering of the water stage at a fixed discharge of 1 000 m3/s in Inner Mongolia reach and an increase of the flow capacity by 700 m3/s at Sanhuhekou. Among Inner Mongolia reach,the upper section from Bayangaole to Sanhuhekou is scoured by a total volume of 42. 1 million ton,while the section from Sanhuhekou to Toudaoguai is silted in gen-eral,with a scouring of 26 million ton in the main channel and a siltation of 72. 5 million ton in the floodplain. The siltation during the overflowing period of the flood duration,as well as the scouring during the non-overflowing period of the flood duration,has well correlation with the flood vol-ume.
