CAJ | 학술논문

针对中国北方刚收获的玉米秸秆含水率高需进行调质处理的情况，为设计玉米秸秆调质装置，该文通过单因素试验，研究了压缩调质时加载方式（单点直压和三点弯曲）、加载位置（节间和节部）和加载方向（长轴和短轴）对相同含水率玉米秸秆压缩裂纹、载荷和功耗的影响。结果表明：施压过程中，2种加载方式的秸秆表皮均沿轴向产生4条主裂纹，且其呈上、下、左、右对称分布。加载位置和加载方向相同时，三点弯曲和单点直压开始产生各主裂纹的压下位移相近，但前者的载荷和功耗均低于后者。当达到最佳调质压下位移（18 mm）时，三点弯曲载荷和功耗的均值较单点直压分别显著降低约55.5%和25.5%（α=0.05）。研究结果为玉米秸秆收获调质装备关键部件的设计提供依据。
침대중국북방강수획적옥미갈간함수솔고수진행조질처리적정황，위설계옥미갈간조질장치，해문통과단인소시험，연구료압축조질시가재방식（단점직압화삼점만곡）、가재위치（절간화절부）화가재방향（장축화단축）대상동함수솔옥미갈간압축렬문、재하화공모적영향。결과표명：시압과정중，2충가재방식적갈간표피균연축향산생4조주렬문，차기정상、하、좌、우대칭분포。가재위치화가재방향상동시，삼점만곡화단점직압개시산생각주렬문적압하위이상근，단전자적재하화공모균저우후자。당체도최가조질압하위이（18 mm）시，삼점만곡재하화공모적균치교단점직압분별현저강저약55.5%화25.5%（α=0.05）。연구결과위옥미갈간수획조질장비관건부건적설계제공의거。
Becausehigh moisture content of the new-harvested corn stalks in northern China, drying process is long under natural conditions in which limit instantaneous harvesting and bundling. Fracturing and laceration on corn stalks need to be adjusted for rapid drying of corn stalks and to overcome bundle below. In order to design corn stalk adjusting material device, two single factor experiments were designed according to loading forms including single-point direct pressure and three-point bending in this study. Each experiment included four levels as: internode and short axis, internode and long axis, node and short axis and node and long axis. Impacts of loading forms (single-point direct pressure and three-point bending), loading positions (internode and node) and loading directions (long axis and short axis) on the cracks, load and power consumption of corn stalks with the same moisture content were investigated based on single factor experiment design scheme during compression process. The results indicated that four main cracks were produced on the rind of corn stalks under two loading forms on the axial during the compression process. Four main cracks of each corn stalks showed up, down, left and right symmetrical distribution, a number of small cracks were also produced. The main cracks gradually extended with the increasing of the displacements. When the displacements reached 18 mm for the internode compression samples, the main cracks extended to the vicinity of the node, and continuously reached to compression. The main cracks then stopped expanding due to the constraints of the node. The main cracks extended to the entire length of the sample for the node compression samples, the depth of all cracks were equal to the epidermis thickness of the sample. This study showed that length and depth of the main cracks of two loading forms were the same, so the best adjusting ending displacement was set to 18 mm. With the same loading positions and loading directions, the displacements of main cracks produced by three-point bending and single-point direct pressure were similar, but the load and power consumption of two loading forms were different. Load and power consumption of three-point bending were lower than single-point direct pressure. With the same loading positions,loading directions and the displacements, load and power consumption of two loading forms from big to small were node and short axis, node and long axis, internode and short axis and internode and long axis. Load and power consumption of three-point bending were lower than single-point direct pressure.In the initial stage of compression, there was no significant difference in the average value of load and power consumption between single-point direct pressure and three-point bending. With increasing the displacements, the difference of load and power consumption between single-point direct pressure and three-point bending was gradually expanded. When the displacement reached the best adjusting ending point (18 mm), the average value of load of three-point bending significantly reduced about 55.5% more than single-point direct pressure (α=0.05). The average value of power consumption of three-point bending was reduced about 25.5% more than single-point direct pressure (α=0.05). These results provided the basis for designing corn stalk harvesting and adjusting device.