CAJ | 학술논문

较高纬度海域的珊瑚礁能否成为气候变暖背景下珊瑚物种的“避难所”仍不明确,在南海的相关研究更是稀少。文章通过X光照相的方法,测定了采自涠洲岛的滨珊瑚Porites样品的骨骼生长率；利用涠洲岛表层水温(SST)资料,分析了 SST 上升速率,并计算出周热度指数和正、负水温异常值,清晰地展现历史上该海域的极端高、低温事件；结合滨珊瑚骨骼生长率和水温参数的变化,研究涠洲岛滨珊瑚对全球变暖以及历史极端事件的响应和记录,并以此为例探讨南海北部较高纬度海域珊瑚对气候变暖和极端事件增加的响应。研究结果显示,采集的滨珊瑚年龄覆盖27年,即1984-2010年,其平均骨骼生长率为6.3mm·a-1,变化于3.1-9.9mm·a-1之间。所有滨珊瑚的骨骼生长率一致呈现出下降的趋势,特别是在1997年后比之前下降了26%。气候变暖、SST快速上升以及极端气候事件增加导致了涠洲岛乃至全球范围内珊瑚生长率的下降。较高纬度海域的珊瑚应对气候持续、快速变暖的能力表现得较弱,尤其是面对极端事件频发的情况时其脆弱性更加显著。
교고위도해역적산호초능부성위기후변난배경하산호물충적“피난소”잉불명학,재남해적상관연구경시희소。문장통과X광조상적방법,측정료채자위주도적빈산호Porites양품적골격생장솔；이용위주도표층수온(SST)자료,분석료 SST 상승속솔,병계산출주열도지수화정、부수온이상치,청석지전현역사상해해역적겁단고、저온사건；결합빈산호골격생장솔화수온삼수적변화,연구위주도빈산호대전구변난이급역사겁단사건적향응화기록,병이차위례탐토남해북부교고위도해역산호대기후변난화겁단사건증가적향응。연구결과현시,채집적빈산호년령복개27년,즉1984-2010년,기평균골격생장솔위6.3mm·a-1,변화우3.1-9.9mm·a-1지간。소유빈산호적골격생장솔일치정현출하강적추세,특별시재1997년후비지전하강료26%。기후변난、SST쾌속상승이급겁단기후사건증가도치료위주도내지전구범위내산호생장솔적하강。교고위도해역적산호응대기후지속、쾌속변난적능력표현득교약,우기시면대겁단사건빈발적정황시기취약성경가현저。
Whether or not relatively higher latitude areas, say in the northern South China Sea, can become coral refuges under global warming is not clear, due to limited study cases. In this paper, we determined the skeletal extension rate of Porites corals collected around Weizhou Island using X-ray photography. Using sea surface temperature (SST) data recorded at Weizhou Island, we calculated the degree heating weeks (DHW) and the positive and negative SST_anomalies (±SST anomalies), which revealed historical extreme high and low temperature events more clearly. We combined coral skeletal extension rate with the SST_anomalies and DHW and analyzed the variation of skeletal extension rate in response to global warming and increase of extreme events, and further explored the‘refuge theory’ in the relatively higher latitude corals from the northern South China Sea. The Porites corals were 27 years old, from 1984 to 2010. The skeletal growth rates ranged from 3.1 to 9.9 mm·year?1, with an averaged rate of 6.3 mm·year?1. The variation of skeletal growth rate for all Porites corals collected consistently showed a downward trend, especially after 1997, decreased by 26%compared to the previous years from 1984?1997. Global warming, rapidly increasing SST, and increased extreme events caused the decline of skeletal growth rate of global corals, including corals from Weizhou Island. The relatively higher latitude corals in the South China Sea are vulnerable in the face of rapid climate change, especially the frequent extreme events.