生态环境学报
生態環境學報
생태배경학보
ECOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT
2013年
12期
1922-1929
,共8页
武子澜%杨毅%刘敏%陆敏%于英鹏%汪青
武子瀾%楊毅%劉敏%陸敏%于英鵬%汪青
무자란%양의%류민%륙민%우영붕%왕청
高架桥%地表径流%PAHs%初始冲刷效应%生态风险评价
高架橋%地錶徑流%PAHs%初始遲刷效應%生態風險評價
고가교%지표경류%PAHs%초시충쇄효응%생태풍험평개
viaduct%road runoff%PAHs%first flush phenomenon%ecological risk assessment
以上海市高架桥降雨径流作为研究对象，分析了4场高架路面降雨径流溶解相、颗粒相16种PAHs的质量浓度和场次降雨径流平均浓度(Event Mean Concentration)。探讨了城市高架降雨径流中PAHs质量浓度特征、动态变化过程和污染状况。通过对无量纲累积径流量和无量纲累积污染物负荷曲线M(V)进行幂函数拟合，对4场降雨径流不同环数和总PAHs冲刷强度进行了定量表征。以水样中8种PAHs的监测质量浓度及其对3至40种水生生物的LC50为基础数据，采用推广风险系数法对径流水体PAHs进行了生态风险评价。结果表明：地表径流中溶解态PAHs的质量浓度为27.9~979.4 ng·L-1，主要以3环和4环组分为主；颗粒态PAHs中的质量浓度为1120.1~4892.6 ng·L-1，主要以4-6环的组分为主。径流样品中PAHs更容易吸附在颗粒物上，PAHs主要以颗粒相为主，且4-6环颗粒相PAHs所占比例更高，也显示了化石燃料不完全燃烧的特征。4场降雨径流以2013-05-26次降雨EMC值最大，PAHs污染水平最高。其中通过对BaP的EMC值计算，发现4场降雨径流中BaP的EMC值皆超过了国家的排放标准，应引起相关监测管理部门重视。4场降雨径流均表现不同程度的初始冲刷效应，雨强和径流量是影响初始冲刷的2个重要因素。初始冲刷散点拟合状况良好，定量表征发现2013-06-27次降雨初始冲刷强度最大。风险商表征说明，径流水体PAHs造成的生态风险较小，但部分单体PAH对水生生物的生态影响不容忽视。
以上海市高架橋降雨徑流作為研究對象，分析瞭4場高架路麵降雨徑流溶解相、顆粒相16種PAHs的質量濃度和場次降雨徑流平均濃度(Event Mean Concentration)。探討瞭城市高架降雨徑流中PAHs質量濃度特徵、動態變化過程和汙染狀況。通過對無量綱纍積徑流量和無量綱纍積汙染物負荷麯線M(V)進行冪函數擬閤，對4場降雨徑流不同環數和總PAHs遲刷彊度進行瞭定量錶徵。以水樣中8種PAHs的鑑測質量濃度及其對3至40種水生生物的LC50為基礎數據，採用推廣風險繫數法對徑流水體PAHs進行瞭生態風險評價。結果錶明：地錶徑流中溶解態PAHs的質量濃度為27.9~979.4 ng·L-1，主要以3環和4環組分為主；顆粒態PAHs中的質量濃度為1120.1~4892.6 ng·L-1，主要以4-6環的組分為主。徑流樣品中PAHs更容易吸附在顆粒物上，PAHs主要以顆粒相為主，且4-6環顆粒相PAHs所佔比例更高，也顯示瞭化石燃料不完全燃燒的特徵。4場降雨徑流以2013-05-26次降雨EMC值最大，PAHs汙染水平最高。其中通過對BaP的EMC值計算，髮現4場降雨徑流中BaP的EMC值皆超過瞭國傢的排放標準，應引起相關鑑測管理部門重視。4場降雨徑流均錶現不同程度的初始遲刷效應，雨彊和徑流量是影響初始遲刷的2箇重要因素。初始遲刷散點擬閤狀況良好，定量錶徵髮現2013-06-27次降雨初始遲刷彊度最大。風險商錶徵說明，徑流水體PAHs造成的生態風險較小，但部分單體PAH對水生生物的生態影響不容忽視。
이상해시고가교강우경류작위연구대상，분석료4장고가로면강우경류용해상、과립상16충PAHs적질량농도화장차강우경류평균농도(Event Mean Concentration)。탐토료성시고가강우경류중PAHs질량농도특정、동태변화과정화오염상황。통과대무량강루적경류량화무량강루적오염물부하곡선M(V)진행멱함수의합，대4장강우경류불동배수화총PAHs충쇄강도진행료정량표정。이수양중8충PAHs적감측질량농도급기대3지40충수생생물적LC50위기출수거，채용추엄풍험계수법대경류수체PAHs진행료생태풍험평개。결과표명：지표경류중용해태PAHs적질량농도위27.9~979.4 ng·L-1，주요이3배화4배조분위주；과립태PAHs중적질량농도위1120.1~4892.6 ng·L-1，주요이4-6배적조분위주。경류양품중PAHs경용역흡부재과립물상，PAHs주요이과립상위주，차4-6배과립상PAHs소점비례경고，야현시료화석연료불완전연소적특정。4장강우경류이2013-05-26차강우EMC치최대，PAHs오염수평최고。기중통과대BaP적EMC치계산，발현4장강우경류중BaP적EMC치개초과료국가적배방표준，응인기상관감측관리부문중시。4장강우경류균표현불동정도적초시충쇄효응，우강화경류량시영향초시충쇄적2개중요인소。초시충쇄산점의합상황량호，정량표정발현2013-06-27차강우초시충쇄강도최대。풍험상표정설명，경류수체PAHs조성적생태풍험교소，단부분단체PAH대수생생물적생태영향불용홀시。
In this paper, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in four rainfall runoff samples were studied at two typical viaducts in Shanghai during the rainy season of 2013. Sixteen EPA PAHs in both dissolved and particle phases were analyzed in order to characterize the PAHs concentrations and dynamic variation between the two phases. The dimensionless cumulative runoff volume and mass curve M(V) were conducted in a method of fitting power function to quantitatively assessed the magnitude of first flush effect (FFE). Based on the observed concentrations of the runoff samples and LC50 values of a number of aquatic organisms, the generalized risk factor approach was employed to address the ecological risk of 8 PAHs to aquatic ecosystem. The result indicated that the dissolved PAHs concentrations varied from 27.9 to 979.4 ng·L-1, mainly from 3 and 4 rings. Whereas, the concentrations in particle phase ranged from 1 120.1 to 4 892.6 ng·L-1, and 4 to 6 rings were the dominant compounds. As PAHs are mostly adsorbed on particles in runoff, the fact that particle-bound PAHs, especially for 4-6 rings PAHs, accounted for a larger proportion revealed incomplete combustion of fossil fuels as the main source of PAHs in runoff. According to the event mean concentration (EMC), the PAHs pollution level was the highest in the rainfall event 2013-05-26. The EMC value of BaP was much higher than the applicable discharge standard of China, which should give rise to the enough attention by environmental monitoring centre. The occurrence of FFE was found in 4 rainfall events on different levels, and the FFE was largely dependent on rainfall intensity and runoff volume. The quantitative characterization of FFE showed the magnitude of the FFE in the rainfall event 2013-05-26 was the greatest. The hazard quotient indicated that although the overall ecological risk was low, it had posed threat to some aquatic organisms.
