CAJ | 학술논문

干扰广泛被认为是影响物种多样性变化的最主要的因素。近年来，物种多样性对干扰的响应是生态学家关注和研究的热点问题之一。2002-2011年，在内蒙古阿拉善荒漠区对人为不同利用（干扰）方式形成的禁牧、轮牧、过牧和开垦4种不同区域中，通过对啮齿动物群落的物种数、物种总捕获率、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀性指数等4个变量的时间序列资料的比较，分析了这些变量的年间变动特点及在不同干扰条件下的变动规律，并对不同干扰区各变量的趋势进行分析，探讨啮齿动物群落对不同干扰过程的响应。结果表明：4个变量的最高值均出现在受中等干扰的轮牧区中，物种总捕获率2003年出现了各区的第1个高峰，总捕获率分别为过牧区10.75%、轮牧区19.60%、禁牧区11.20%、开垦区10.55%；2008年出现第2个高峰，4个区物种总捕获率均达到了各区的最高峰，捕获率分别为过牧区29.60%、轮牧区34.15%、禁牧区14.20%、开垦区27.10%。过牧区与轮牧区群落物种总捕获率、Shannon-Wiener指数和Pielou均匀性指数显著相关(p<0.05)，变动规律相似。过牧区与轮牧区、禁牧区与过牧区、轮牧区与禁牧区之间的物种总捕获率呈极显著正相关（p<0.01）。过牧区与轮牧区相似度较高(I=0.8568)；过牧区Shannon-Wiener指数表现为有显著的下降趋势（Y=-0.142 lnt+1.487，F=6.320，p＜0.05），表明随着过牧时间的积累，对生境的干扰逐步加重，啮齿动物群落的多样性会逐渐降低。
간우엄범피인위시영향물충다양성변화적최주요적인소。근년래，물충다양성대간우적향응시생태학가관주화연구적열점문제지일。2002-2011년，재내몽고아랍선황막구대인위불동이용（간우）방식형성적금목、륜목、과목화개은4충불동구역중，통과대교치동물군락적물충수、물충총포획솔、Shannon-Wiener다양성지수화Pielou균균성지수등4개변량적시간서렬자료적비교，분석료저사변량적년간변동특점급재불동간우조건하적변동규률，병대불동간우구각변량적추세진행분석，탐토교치동물군락대불동간우과정적향응。결과표명：4개변량적최고치균출현재수중등간우적륜목구중，물충총포획솔2003년출현료각구적제1개고봉，총포획솔분별위과목구10.75%、륜목구19.60%、금목구11.20%、개은구10.55%；2008년출현제2개고봉，4개구물충총포획솔균체도료각구적최고봉，포획솔분별위과목구29.60%、륜목구34.15%、금목구14.20%、개은구27.10%。과목구여륜목구군락물충총포획솔、Shannon-Wiener지수화Pielou균균성지수현저상관(p<0.05)，변동규률상사。과목구여륜목구、금목구여과목구、륜목구여금목구지간적물충총포획솔정겁현저정상관（p<0.01）。과목구여륜목구상사도교고(I=0.8568)；과목구Shannon-Wiener지수표현위유현저적하강추세（Y=-0.142 lnt+1.487，F=6.320，p＜0.05），표명수착과목시간적적루，대생경적간우축보가중，교치동물군락적다양성회축점강저。
Interference widely considered to be the main factors of affecting species diversity changes. In recent years, the response of the species diversity for the interference is an one of the hot issues of ecologist concern and research.In a long-term study research data were examined on desert rodent communities in Alashan desert (Inner Mongolia, China) to indicate interference processes. The study was conducted between 2002 and 2011, all data were determined in four conditions:a) forbidden grazing area, b) rotational grazing area, c) over grazing area, and d) farmland area. The parameters species total capture rate, species number, Shannon Wiener index and Pielou index were analyzed to distinguish changes within years and regular changing patterns. We found that the highest values of all the four parameters were recorded in rotational grazing areas. The first peak of species total capture rate was appeared in 2003 in each area, total capture rate of over grazing area was 10.75%, total capture rate of rotational grazing area was 19.60%, total capture rate of forbidden grazing area was 11.20%, total capture rate of farmland area was 10.55%;the second peak was appeared in 2008, species total capture rate had reached the peak of four area, capture rate of over grazing area was 29.60%, capture rate of rotational grazing area was 34.15%, forbidden grazing area and farmland area were 14.20%and 27.10%respectively. Species total capture rate, Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou index were positively correlated (P<0.05) between rotational grazing area and over grazing area, and featured similar changing rule.Further correlations (P<0.01) of the species total capture rate were found between over grazing area and rotational grazing area, forbidden grazing area and over grazing area, rotational grazing and forbidden grazing area. Over grazing area and rotational grazing area similarity is higher than others (I=0.856 8). Finally, the Shannon-Weiner index was characterized by a significant downward trend in overgrazing areas (regression equation: Y= -0.142 lnt +1.487, F=6.320, P<0.05), suggesting that an increase of overgrazing negatively affects habitats gradually which will reduce diversity of rodent communities.