CAJ | 학술논문

中加里东运动时期，塔里木盆地柯坪地区遭受广泛的水平挤压和构造抬升，奥陶系一间房组和鹰山组顶部地层3次暴露并发生岩溶化，形成多种类型古溶洞，并在喜马拉雅运动中抬升出露地表，现今成为形态各异的露头。通过大量露头观察，依据古溶洞发育形态和空间结构，划分了古溶洞类型，研究了不同类型古溶洞特征及主控因素，以期对岩溶型储层勘探开发提供借鉴意义。研究表明：古溶洞可划分为4种类型，其中管状分支型溶洞为细长管道，可发育多个分支，横剖面近于圆形或椭圆形，受地下暗河控制；单一孤立型溶洞受断层、裂缝、顺层溶蚀等因素控制，横剖面上可出现漏斗形、倒漏斗形、板形和复合型等形态；溶洞群型溶洞受古潜水面和地下暗河的共同控制，纵向上具有分层性，平面上呈片状集中发育，且溶洞之间通过断层、裂缝、小型溶蚀通道相互连通；厅堂型溶洞由宽阔的厅和多个规模较小的堂组成，主控因素是顺层溶蚀。
중가리동운동시기，탑리목분지가평지구조수엄범적수평제압화구조태승，오도계일간방조화응산조정부지층3차폭로병발생암용화，형성다충류형고용동，병재희마랍아운동중태승출로지표，현금성위형태각이적로두。통과대량로두관찰，의거고용동발육형태화공간결구，화분료고용동류형，연구료불동류형고용동특정급주공인소，이기대암용형저층감탐개발제공차감의의。연구표명：고용동가화분위4충류형，기중관상분지형용동위세장관도，가발육다개분지，횡부면근우원형혹타원형，수지하암하공제；단일고립형용동수단층、렬봉、순층용식등인소공제，횡부면상가출현루두형、도루두형、판형화복합형등형태；용동군형용동수고잠수면화지하암하적공동공제，종향상구유분층성，평면상정편상집중발육，차용동지간통과단층、렬봉、소형용식통도상호련통；청당형용동유관활적청화다개규모교소적당조성，주공인소시순층용식。
In the Middle Caledonian period,extensive lateral compression and vertical uplift occurred in Keping area,Tarim basin.Ordovician Yijianfang Formation and the top of Yingshan Formation were exposed for three times,resulting in wide karst and different types of paleocaves,which were uplifted to the surface in Hi-malayan movement and became outcrops now,with a variety of shapes and sizes.Based on the outcrops observa-tion,types of the paleocaves were categorized by their shapes and textures,and the features and main control-ling factors of each type were studied as well.Research shows that paleocaves could be classified into four types.The tubular and branching types of caves are slender pipes,with circular or ellipse shape in cross section and many branches possibly,which were caused by underground rivers;Controlled by faults,fractures,and corrosion along layers,single isolated type could be funnel-shaped,inverted funnel-shaped,plate profile or combined shape;Karst caverns type caves scattered around the ancient water table and were connected by fault, fractures or small resolved channels,layering vertically.Karst caves with broad halls and many small scale branches are formed by corrosion along layers.