CAJ | 학술논문

利用常规观测、新一代天气雷达、雷电定位监测和1°×1°NCEP分析资料对2012年早春河南一次伴有多种天气现象的高架雷暴（elevated convection）成因进行了天气学分析，建立了高架雷暴天气的流型配置模型。结果表明：（1）本次高架雷暴发生在中纬度暖性低槽发展东移的环流形势下，边界层顶以上近中性条件不稳定性层结（偏向于很弱的条件不稳定）在高空槽前正涡度平流和低层暖湿平流的强迫作用下，使得700 hPa以上出现较大范围的较强上升运动，地面冷高压后部偏东气流对高架对流的产生具有冷垫作用。（2）出现高架雷暴的大气低层存在较强的逆温层，700 hPa 暖温度脊前的西南暖湿低空急流为高架雷暴的产生提供了充足的水汽和能量，并使低层逆温层顶以上出现弱条件不稳定层结和较高的露点，两者结合导致弱的最不稳定对流有效位能MUCAPE，其值在10～50 J·kg-1之间，高架对流是由逆温层顶附近及其以上的暖湿气块被抬升而造成的，对应1．0～3．0 m·s-1的雷暴内最大上升气流。（3）此次高架雷暴发生在强斜压环境中，有较强的动力不稳定，中低层0～6 km 和0～3 km 垂直风切变值分别为（3．0～3．7）×10-3和（5．0～5．3）×10-3 s-1。（4）本次过程-10℃、-20℃层高度分别在5、6．5 km，弱对流云顶高度多在6～8 km或以上，超过了冻结层高度，易导致雷电发生。（5）从流型配置模型看，高空暖性低槽、中高层强烈发展的温度脊、700 hPa强西南暖湿低空急流和边界层冷中心、冷温度槽、地面冷高压等是值得关注的影响系统，当这些天气系统有利配置时，应注意低层逆温层、中层弱条件不稳定层结的建立以及高架雷暴发生的可能性。
이용상규관측、신일대천기뢰체、뇌전정위감측화1°×1°NCEP분석자료대2012년조춘하남일차반유다충천기현상적고가뇌폭（elevated convection）성인진행료천기학분석，건립료고가뇌폭천기적류형배치모형。결과표명：（1）본차고가뇌폭발생재중위도난성저조발전동이적배류형세하，변계층정이상근중성조건불은정성층결（편향우흔약적조건불은정）재고공조전정와도평류화저층난습평류적강박작용하，사득700 hPa이상출현교대범위적교강상승운동，지면랭고압후부편동기류대고가대류적산생구유랭점작용。（2）출현고가뇌폭적대기저층존재교강적역온층，700 hPa 난온도척전적서남난습저공급류위고가뇌폭적산생제공료충족적수기화능량，병사저층역온층정이상출현약조건불은정층결화교고적로점，량자결합도치약적최불은정대류유효위능MUCAPE，기치재10～50 J·kg-1지간，고가대류시유역온층정부근급기이상적난습기괴피태승이조성적，대응1．0～3．0 m·s-1적뇌폭내최대상승기류。（3）차차고가뇌폭발생재강사압배경중，유교강적동력불은정，중저층0～6 km 화0～3 km 수직풍절변치분별위（3．0～3．7）×10-3화（5．0～5．3）×10-3 s-1。（4）본차과정-10℃、-20℃층고도분별재5、6．5 km，약대류운정고도다재6～8 km혹이상，초과료동결층고도，역도치뇌전발생。（5）종류형배치모형간，고공난성저조、중고층강렬발전적온도척、700 hPa강서남난습저공급류화변계층랭중심、랭온도조、지면랭고압등시치득관주적영향계통，당저사천기계통유리배치시，응주의저층역온층、중층약조건불은정층결적건립이급고가뇌폭발생적가능성。
The conventional observation,new generation weather radar,lightning locating monitoring and NCEP 1°×1°analysis data are used to analyze the synoptic causes of the elevated thunderstorm in early spring of 2012 that was accompanied by a variety of weather phenomena and a flow configuration model of the elevated thunderstorm is established.The results showed that:(1 )the elevated thunderstorm occurs in the circulation situation of warm trough moving eastward and developing in middle latitudes.The near-neutral conditions instability stratification above the top of the boundary layer (biased in favor of weak conditional instability),which is in the forcing effect of positive vorticity advection in front of trough and warm and wet advection at low-levels,makes a larger range of strong upward motion above 700 hPa so that easterly winds in the rear of surface cold high has a role of cooling cushion on the production of the elevated convection.(2 )There is a strong inverse temperature layer in the lower atmosphere where elevated thun-derstorm exists.The warm and wet southwest low-level jet in front of temperature ridge at 700 hPa pro-vides ample moisture and energy for production of an elevated thunderstorm,causing weak conditions with unstable stratification and higher dew point above the top of low-level temperature inversion.The combi-nation of the two leads to the weak and most unstable convective available potential energy MUCAPE, whose value is between 10 and 50 J ·kg-1 .The elevated convection is caused by uplift of warm and wet block near and above the top of the inversion layer,corresponding to 1 .0-3 .0 m·s-1 maximum updrafts within thunderstorms.(3 )The elevated thunderstorm occurs in strong baroclinic environment,where there is a strong dynamic instability,in the lower level 0-6 km and 0-3 km vertical wind shear values are (3.0-3.7)×10-3 s-1 and (5.0-5.3)×10-3 s-1 respectiveny.(4)The -10℃ and -20℃ layers in this process are respectively in the height of 5 km and 6 .5 km,and the height of weak convective cloud top is more in the 6-8 km or above,exceeding the height of the freezing level and easily leading to the occurence of lightning.(5)From the flow configuration model,warm trough at high altitude,the strongly developed temperature ridge at middle and high layer,the warm and wet southwest low-level jet at 700 hPa and cold boundary center,cold temperature trough,surface cold high pressure etc.,make up a noteworthy affect-ing system.When these weather systems are favorable for configuration,the low-level temperature inver-sion,the establishment of weak condition unstable stratification at middle layer and the likelihood of ele-vated thunderstorms should be concerned.