CAJ | 학술논문

目的：研究美国国家环境保护署（USEPA）吸入风险评估模型在造纸、化工和电镀等行业应用的适用性和可行性。方法以造纸、化工和电镀行业的11家企业为研究对象，应用该模型对各企业重点岗位进行风险评估。计算非致癌效应风险值和致癌风险值，判定化学物所致职业健康风险水平，并与职业接触限值、职业病危害作业分级和文献比较。结果造纸行业接触硫化氢导致鼻嗅黏膜病变的危害商数为36.3；化工行业有机硅合成企业一氯甲烷合成岗位接触氯化氢所致鼻咽、气管黏膜增生的危害商数为8.2，氯甲烷所致小脑病变危害商数为1.4；农药厂离心、投料岗位接触氨所致肺功能下降或呼吸道疾病症状加重的危害商数分别为1.5和1.2；化学溶剂厂灌装岗位接触二甲苯所致运动协调障碍的危害商数为2.4；电镀行业接触氯化氢所致鼻咽、气管黏膜增生的危害商数为2.3～75.3，接触铬酸盐或重铬酸盐所致鼻部损害的危害商数为192.5～25675。造纸、化工和电镀行业各岗位危害商数均大于1，均判定为高风险水平。电镀行业镀铬岗位接触铬酸盐或重铬酸盐所致肺癌的致癌性风险值为0.001～0.1647，大于10-4，判定为高风险水平。如按中国职业卫生标准评估，仅有1家电镀企业镀铬岗位检出浓度超标，其风险识别效力不及USEPA模型。结论该模型适用于造纸、化工和电镀行业职业病危害风险评估。与中国职业卫生标准相比，它更易识别危险作业岗位。
목적：연구미국국가배경보호서（USEPA）흡입풍험평고모형재조지、화공화전도등행업응용적괄용성화가행성。방법이조지、화공화전도행업적11가기업위연구대상，응용해모형대각기업중점강위진행풍험평고。계산비치암효응풍험치화치암풍험치，판정화학물소치직업건강풍험수평，병여직업접촉한치、직업병위해작업분급화문헌비교。결과조지행업접촉류화경도치비후점막병변적위해상수위36.3；화공행업유궤규합성기업일록갑완합성강위접촉록화경소치비인、기관점막증생적위해상수위8.2，록갑완소치소뇌병변위해상수위1.4；농약엄리심、투료강위접촉안소치폐공능하강혹호흡도질병증상가중적위해상수분별위1.5화1.2；화학용제엄관장강위접촉이갑분소치운동협조장애적위해상수위2.4；전도행업접촉록화경소치비인、기관점막증생적위해상수위2.3～75.3，접촉락산염혹중락산염소치비부손해적위해상수위192.5～25675。조지、화공화전도행업각강위위해상수균대우1，균판정위고풍험수평。전도행업도락강위접촉락산염혹중락산염소치폐암적치암성풍험치위0.001～0.1647，대우10-4，판정위고풍험수평。여안중국직업위생표준평고，부유1가전도기업도락강위검출농도초표，기풍험식별효력불급USEPA모형。결론해모형괄용우조지、화공화전도행업직업병위해풍험평고。여중국직업위생표준상비，타경역식별위험작업강위。
Objective To evaluate the applicability of inhalation risk assessment model provided by US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA ) in occupational health risk assessment in paper -making,chemical and electroplating industries.Methods A total of 1 1 factories in paper-making,chemical and electroplating industries were investigated. The risk assessment model of USEPA was used to assess occupational health risk levels,including cancer and non-cancer risks.These results were compared with occupational exposure limits,classification of occupational hazards and related literatures.Results The hazard quotient (HQ)of nasal lesions of the olfactory mucosa caused by hydrogen sulfide in paper-making industry was 36.3.The HQs of hyperplasia of nasal mucosa larynx and trachea caused by hydrogen chloride and cerebellar lesions caused by methyl chloride in organosilicon synthesis factory were 8.2 and 1.4 respectively.The HQs of decreased pulmonary function or increased severity of rhinitis and pneumonia caused by ammonia in pesticide factory were 1.2 and 1 .5 respectively.The HQ of impaired motor coordination caused by xylenes in chemical solvent factory was 2.4. The HQs of hyperplasia of nasal mucosa larynx and trachea caused by hydrogen chloride and nasal septum atrophy caused by hexavalent chromium in electroplating industry were 2.3-75.3 and 1 92.5 -25 675 respectively .The risk levels of paper-making,chemical and electroplating industries were all identified as high on the basis of evidence showing that HQs were all higher than 1 .The risk of lung cancer caused by hexavalent chromium in electroplating industry was 0.001 -0.1 647.The results of risk assessment were consistent with the reported literature.Conclusion Inhalation risk assessment model provided by USEPA can be used to assess the occupational health risks of paper -making, chemical and electroplating industries and have better identification ability.