CAJ | 학술논문

背景：在哺乳动物脑中主要表达的水通道蛋白是水通道蛋白1、水通道蛋白4和水通道蛋白9，其他的仅为零星表达。目前国内外尚未见到系统分析维持脑正常生理功能的水通道蛋白分布、功能及其调节机制的综述报道。 　　目的：综述近年国内外维持脑正常生理功能的水通道蛋白分布、功能及其调节机制的研究进展。 　　方法：应用计算机检索1980年1月至2013年7月PubMed数据库、中国期刊全文数据库有关脑正常生理功能维持中水通道蛋白分布、功能及其调节机制的文章，英文检索词“AQP1, AQP4，AQP9, function, brain, adjusting mechanism”；中文检索词“水通道蛋白，功能，脑，调节机制”。共检索到163篇相关文献，85篇文献符合纳入标准。 　　结果与结论：近年来，有大量学者对脑水通道蛋白的表达、功能及其调节机制进行了较深层次的研究，具体归纳为如下3个方面：①水通道蛋白1主要表达于脑室脉络丛参与脑脊液的形成；在其他类型的细胞中，气体小分子CO2，NO，NH3及O2也可通过水通道蛋白1。②水通道蛋白4主要表达在胶质细胞足突、胶质界膜以及室管膜中，帮助水进出脑组织，并加速胶质细胞迁移及改变神经活动。③水通道蛋白9主要分布于星形胶质细胞及儿茶酚胺等神经元中，主要功能是参与脑内能量代谢。水通道蛋白被认为是对脑中水运输提供关键路径的主要水通道，有关水通道蛋白分布、功能及调控机制的研究对于攻克脑相关疾病起重要作用。水通道蛋白在维持脑正常生理及相关疾病中表达的调节机制尚未明晰，相关分子信号通路尚待更加深入、系统地研究。
배경：재포유동물뇌중주요표체적수통도단백시수통도단백1、수통도단백4화수통도단백9，기타적부위령성표체。목전국내외상미견도계통분석유지뇌정상생리공능적수통도단백분포、공능급기조절궤제적종술보도。 　　목적：종술근년국내외유지뇌정상생리공능적수통도단백분포、공능급기조절궤제적연구진전。 　　방법：응용계산궤검색1980년1월지2013년7월PubMed수거고、중국기간전문수거고유관뇌정상생리공능유지중수통도단백분포、공능급기조절궤제적문장，영문검색사“AQP1, AQP4，AQP9, function, brain, adjusting mechanism”；중문검색사“수통도단백，공능，뇌，조절궤제”。공검색도163편상관문헌，85편문헌부합납입표준。 　　결과여결론：근년래，유대량학자대뇌수통도단백적표체、공능급기조절궤제진행료교심층차적연구，구체귀납위여하3개방면：①수통도단백1주요표체우뇌실맥락총삼여뇌척액적형성；재기타류형적세포중，기체소분자CO2，NO，NH3급O2야가통과수통도단백1。②수통도단백4주요표체재효질세포족돌、효질계막이급실관막중，방조수진출뇌조직，병가속효질세포천이급개변신경활동。③수통도단백9주요분포우성형효질세포급인다분알등신경원중，주요공능시삼여뇌내능량대사。수통도단백피인위시대뇌중수운수제공관건로경적주요수통도，유관수통도단백분포、공능급조공궤제적연구대우공극뇌상관질병기중요작용。수통도단백재유지뇌정상생리급상관질병중표체적조절궤제상미명석，상관분자신호통로상대경가심입、계통지연구。
BACKGROUND:The aquaporin (AQP), mainly AQP1, AQP4 and AQP9, are expressed in mammalian brain, while the others are sporadical y expressed. There is no evidence concerning the distribution, function and regulation mechanism of AQP in the brain. OBJECTIVE:To comprehensively analyze the research progress of the distribution, function and regulation mechanism of AQP in maintaining normal physiological function of the brain. METHODS:An online retrieval of PubMed database and CNKI database between January 1980 and July 2013 was performed for articles on the distribution, function and regulation mechanism of AQP, with the key words of“AQP1, AQP4, AQP9, function, brain, adjusting mechanism”in English and Chinese. A total of 163 papers were screened out and 85 of them met the inclusive criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The existing studies about the expression, function and regulating mechanism of AQP1, AQP4 and AQP9 in the brain can be summarized as the fol owing three aspects: (1) AQP1 is expressed in the choroid plexus and participates in forming cerebrospinal fluid;in other types of cells, gas micromolecules CO 2 , NO, NH 3 and O 2 also cross through AQP1. (2) AQP4 is mainly expressed in the astrocytes, ependymal foot process and gelatin membranes, which can help the water in and out of the brain tissue, accelerate glial cellmigration and change neural activity. (3) AQP9 is mainly distributed in astrocytes and catecholamine neurons, the main function is involved in energy metabolism in the brain. Therefore, AQP is the key for water transport in the brain. Understanding the distribution, function and regulation mechanism of AQP wil play an important role in the treatment of brain diseases. The regulatory mechanism on the expression of AQPs in normal pathology and related disease remains unclear and related molecular signal pathway needs further exploration.