气象
氣象
기상
METEOROLOGICAL MONTHLY
2014年
2期
174-185
,共12页
段鹤%严华生%马学文%罗庆仙%刘建平
段鶴%嚴華生%馬學文%囉慶仙%劉建平
단학%엄화생%마학문%라경선%류건평
天气预报%冰雹%统计特征%垂直剖面%飑线
天氣預報%冰雹%統計特徵%垂直剖麵%颮線
천기예보%빙박%통계특정%수직부면%박선
forecast%hail%statistic feature%vertical profile%squall line
提利用普洱市探空资料、CIND3830-CC新一代天气雷达资料、地面观测资料,对2004-2011年滇南普洱、西双版纳冰雹天气过程进行统计分析,总结出冰雹4个预报指标:(1)当单体回波满足冰雹云的初始特征和发展阶段特征时,可预报未来出现冰雹的可能较大,预报提前60 min以内;(2)当回波的组合反射率≥55 dBz、宽度≥12.0 km、梯度≥15 dBz·km-1、H45 dBz≥7.5 km、2-5月H45 dBz-H0≥3.1 km且H45 dBz-H-20≥-0.5 km、6-8月H45 dBz-H0≥2.0 km且H45 dBz-H-20≥-1.2 km、VIL≥30 kg·m-2、DVIL≥3.0 g·m-3时,预报有冰雹发生,预报提前12~102 min;(3)当回波具有弱切变特征、45 dBz 回波顶高≥7.5 km、2-5月H45 dBz-H0≥3.1 km且H45 dBz-H-20≥-0.5 km、6-8月H45 dBz-H0≥2.0 km且H45 dBz-H-20≥-1.2 km时,可预报有冰雹出现,预报提前18~54 min;(4)若除去飑线和下击暴流回波,当回波的VIL≥30 kg·m-2、DVIL≥3.0 g·m-3时,可预报有冰雹出现,预报提前12~54 min。此外,还总结了冰雹云的生命期特征等,并利用2012年发生的冰雹天气过程检验了预报指标。
提利用普洱市探空資料、CIND3830-CC新一代天氣雷達資料、地麵觀測資料,對2004-2011年滇南普洱、西雙版納冰雹天氣過程進行統計分析,總結齣冰雹4箇預報指標:(1)噹單體迴波滿足冰雹雲的初始特徵和髮展階段特徵時,可預報未來齣現冰雹的可能較大,預報提前60 min以內;(2)噹迴波的組閤反射率≥55 dBz、寬度≥12.0 km、梯度≥15 dBz·km-1、H45 dBz≥7.5 km、2-5月H45 dBz-H0≥3.1 km且H45 dBz-H-20≥-0.5 km、6-8月H45 dBz-H0≥2.0 km且H45 dBz-H-20≥-1.2 km、VIL≥30 kg·m-2、DVIL≥3.0 g·m-3時,預報有冰雹髮生,預報提前12~102 min;(3)噹迴波具有弱切變特徵、45 dBz 迴波頂高≥7.5 km、2-5月H45 dBz-H0≥3.1 km且H45 dBz-H-20≥-0.5 km、6-8月H45 dBz-H0≥2.0 km且H45 dBz-H-20≥-1.2 km時,可預報有冰雹齣現,預報提前18~54 min;(4)若除去颮線和下擊暴流迴波,噹迴波的VIL≥30 kg·m-2、DVIL≥3.0 g·m-3時,可預報有冰雹齣現,預報提前12~54 min。此外,還總結瞭冰雹雲的生命期特徵等,併利用2012年髮生的冰雹天氣過程檢驗瞭預報指標。
제이용보이시탐공자료、CIND3830-CC신일대천기뢰체자료、지면관측자료,대2004-2011년전남보이、서쌍판납빙박천기과정진행통계분석,총결출빙박4개예보지표:(1)당단체회파만족빙박운적초시특정화발전계단특정시,가예보미래출현빙박적가능교대,예보제전60 min이내;(2)당회파적조합반사솔≥55 dBz、관도≥12.0 km、제도≥15 dBz·km-1、H45 dBz≥7.5 km、2-5월H45 dBz-H0≥3.1 km차H45 dBz-H-20≥-0.5 km、6-8월H45 dBz-H0≥2.0 km차H45 dBz-H-20≥-1.2 km、VIL≥30 kg·m-2、DVIL≥3.0 g·m-3시,예보유빙박발생,예보제전12~102 min;(3)당회파구유약절변특정、45 dBz 회파정고≥7.5 km、2-5월H45 dBz-H0≥3.1 km차H45 dBz-H-20≥-0.5 km、6-8월H45 dBz-H0≥2.0 km차H45 dBz-H-20≥-1.2 km시,가예보유빙박출현,예보제전18~54 min;(4)약제거박선화하격폭류회파,당회파적VIL≥30 kg·m-2、DVIL≥3.0 g·m-3시,가예보유빙박출현,예보제전12~54 min。차외,환총결료빙박운적생명기특정등,병이용2012년발생적빙박천기과정검험료예보지표。
Based on the air-sounding data,the CIND3830-CC CINRAD data and surface observation data, the hail event processes seen in Puer and Xishuangbanna during 2004-2011 are analyzed.The results show that:(1 )hail can be forecasted 60 min in advance when initial and developing features of hail-cloud appear in the radar echo images.(2)Hail can be forecasted 12 to 102 min earlier before the event occurs, if echo composite reflectivity ≥55 dBz,width ≥ 12.0 km,gradient ≥ 15 dBz·km-1 ,H45 dBz≥ 7.5 km,H45 dBz-H0≥ 3 .1 km andH45 dBz-H-20≥ -0 .5 km during February-May,H45 dBz-H0≥ 2 .0 km andH45 dBz-H-20≥ -1.2 km,VIL≥30 kg·m-2 ,DVIL≥3.0 g·m-3 during June-August.(3)If the echo shows the features of weak shear,echo top in 45 dBz≥7 .5 km,H45 dBz-H0≥3 .1 km andH45 dBz-H-20≥-0 .5 km during February-May,H45 dBz-H0≥2 .0 km and H45 dBz-H-20≥-1 .2 km during June-August,hail can be forecasted with 18-54 min in advance.(4)In addition to squall line and downburst, hail can be forecasted 12-54 min earlier if VIL≥30 kg·m-2 ,DVIL≥3.0 g·m-3 .Besides,this paper summarizes the characteristics of hail-cloud lifetime,and tests forecast indice by using the hail process in 2012.