CAJ | 학술논문

[目的]揭示柑橘果实分泌囊发育与挥发油的积累关系，为陈皮的适时采收提供科学的形态学和植物化学依据．[方法]运用石蜡切片、半薄切片法研究了陈皮果实及其分泌囊的发育过程；利用挥发油含量测定方法对果实发育过程中挥发油含量的变化进行了分析．[结果和结论]柑橘果实从5月开始发育到笠年1月成熟，由硬变软．果皮颜色从深绿色变成金黄色或橙黄色，从不易剥离到极易剥离．分泌囊在外果皮中呈一轮排列且深浅不一，其发育过程分为4个阶段．成熟的分泌囊具有帽区和球区．后者中央有被2～5层上皮细胞包围着的大的空腔，挥发油由上皮细胞分泌出来并贮存在空腔中．随着果实的发育，挥发油的积累呈现“S”型的变化趋势．挥发油含油率在5-8月是一个平缓上升的时期，9-11月是一个快速增长期，11月中旬到达顶峰，12月初开始略微地下降．陈皮应以柑橘果实的外果皮为最佳入药部位．陈皮的最佳采收时期应为11月末到12月初，此时果实颜色为浅黄色或金黄色，分泌囊空腔平均直径最大（200μm左右），挥发油含油率最高（8.2％～8.5％）．
[목적]게시감귤과실분비낭발육여휘발유적적루관계，위진피적괄시채수제공과학적형태학화식물화학의거．[방법]운용석사절편、반박절편법연구료진피과실급기분비낭적발육과정；이용휘발유함량측정방법대과실발육과정중휘발유함량적변화진행료분석．[결과화결론]감귤과실종5월개시발육도립년1월성숙，유경변연．과피안색종심록색변성금황색혹등황색，종불역박리도겁역박리．분비낭재외과피중정일륜배렬차심천불일，기발육과정분위4개계단．성숙적분비낭구유모구화구구．후자중앙유피2～5층상피세포포위착적대적공강，휘발유유상피세포분비출래병저존재공강중．수착과실적발육，휘발유적적루정현“S”형적변화추세．휘발유함유솔재5-8월시일개평완상승적시기，9-11월시일개쾌속증장기，11월중순도체정봉，12월초개시략미지하강．진피응이감귤과실적외과피위최가입약부위．진피적최가채수시기응위11월말도12월초，차시과실안색위천황색혹금황색，분비낭공강평균직경최대（200μm좌우），휘발유함유솔최고（8.2％～8.5％）．
[Objective] The study of secretory cavity development and essential oil in the fruit of Citrus re-ticulata may provide scientific basis of morphology and phytochemistry for timely harvest of Chenpi .[Method]The developmental processes of fruit and secretory cavity were studied by paraffin section and semi-thin section method .The change of essential oil during fruit development was quantitatively ana-lyzed .[Result and conclusion] From May to January , the fruit of C.reticulata developed from hard and dark green to soft and golden yellow or orange .In the epicarp , the secretory cavities were distributed in a ring with different depths .The developmental processes of secretory cavity were divided into four sta-ges.The secretory cavity was shown to be composed of two areas:a cap area and a circular area .In the center of the latter , one big cavity was surrounded by 2-5 layers of epithelial cells .Essential oil secre-ting from the epithelial cells was stored in this cavity .With the fruit development , the accumulation of es-sential oil followed a “S” trend.The ratio of essential oil displayed a gentle rise during the period from May to August , a rapid growth from September to November , reaching a peak in the middle of Novem-ber , and a slight decline in early December .It is suggested that the medically effective fraction of Chenpi is the epicarp .The best time for harvest should be from late Novermber to early December .In this peri-od, the fruit color is light yellow or golden yellow .The average diameter of secretory cavities reaches the maximum (200 μm), and the ratio of essential oils is also the highest (8.2%-8.5%).