CAJ | 학술논문

本试验旨在研究饲粮棉籽粕（ CSM）水平对高峰期蛋鸭产蛋性能、蛋品质、血浆生化指标、卵巢形态及棉酚残留的影响，以探讨饲粮中CSM适宜水平。试验选用19周龄龙岩山麻鸭720只，采用单因子随机分组试验设计，随机分为6组，每组4个重复，每个重复30只鸭。各组饲粮CSM水平分别为0（对照）、4．5％、9．0％、13．5％、18．0％和22．5％， CSM 中游离棉酚（FG）实测值为266 mg/kg，试验期3个月。结果表明：1）与对照组相比，13．5％、18．0％和22．5％组显著降低了平均蛋重（P＜0．05），22．5％组显著降低了平均蛋重和日产蛋重并提高了料蛋比（ P＜0．05）。2）饲粮CSM水平对高峰期蛋鸭产蛋率、破蛋率、畸形蛋率、蛋壳厚度、蛋壳强度、哈氏单位及蛋黄颜色无显著影响（P＞0．05）。3）与对照组相比，9．0％、13．5％、18．0％和22．5％组显著降低了血浆还原型谷胱甘肽（ GSH）含量和GSH/氧化型谷胱甘肽（ GSSG）值，并提高了丙二醛（MDA）含量（P＜0．05）；各组间GSSG含量、总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）及谷草转氨酶（GOT）、谷丙转氨酶（GPT）和碱性磷酸酶（ALP）活性均差异不显著（P＞0．05）。4）9．0％、13．5％、18．0％和22．5％组可明显破坏优势卵泡的完整性，卵泡变形破裂，局部呈融溶状。5）22．5％组试验鸭直肠内容物中FG含量为4．55 mg/kg，胸肌、肝脏、肾脏及蛋黄、蛋清中并未检测出FG残留。综上所述，饲粮CSM水平低于9．0％时不影响高峰期蛋鸭产蛋性能、蛋品质，组织无损伤，胸肌及蛋中无棉酚残留。
본시험지재연구사량면자박（ CSM）수평대고봉기단압산단성능、단품질、혈장생화지표、란소형태급면분잔류적영향，이탐토사량중CSM괄의수평。시험선용19주령룡암산마압720지，채용단인자수궤분조시험설계，수궤분위6조，매조4개중복，매개중복30지압。각조사량CSM수평분별위0（대조）、4．5％、9．0％、13．5％、18．0％화22．5％， CSM 중유리면분（FG）실측치위266 mg/kg，시험기3개월。결과표명：1）여대조조상비，13．5％、18．0％화22．5％조현저강저료평균단중（P＜0．05），22．5％조현저강저료평균단중화일산단중병제고료료단비（ P＜0．05）。2）사량CSM수평대고봉기단압산단솔、파단솔、기형단솔、단각후도、단각강도、합씨단위급단황안색무현저영향（P＞0．05）。3）여대조조상비，9．0％、13．5％、18．0％화22．5％조현저강저료혈장환원형곡광감태（ GSH）함량화GSH/양화형곡광감태（ GSSG）치，병제고료병이철（MDA）함량（P＜0．05）；각조간GSSG함량、총항양화능력（T-AOC）급곡초전안매（GOT）、곡병전안매（GPT）화감성린산매（ALP）활성균차이불현저（P＞0．05）。4）9．0％、13．5％、18．0％화22．5％조가명현파배우세란포적완정성，란포변형파렬，국부정융용상。5）22．5％조시험압직장내용물중FG함량위4．55 mg/kg，흉기、간장、신장급단황、단청중병미검측출FG잔류。종상소술，사량CSM수평저우9．0％시불영향고봉기단압산단성능、단품질，조직무손상，흉기급단중무면분잔류。
This experiment was conducted to study the effects of cottonseed meal ( CSM) on laying perform-ance, egg quality, plasma biochemical parameters, ovarian morphology and gossypol residue of laying ducks at peak production, and to estimate the dietary CSM optimal level of laying ducks.A single factor design was adopted and seven hundred and twenty 19-week-old Longyan laying ducks were randomly divided into 6 groups with 4 replicates per group and 30 ducks per replicate.Ducks in the six groups were fed the basal diet supple-mented with 0 (control), 4.5%, 9.0%, 13.5%, 18.0% and 22.5% CSM, respectively.The content of free gossypol ( FG) in CSM was 266 mg/kg.This experiment lasted for 12 weeks.The results showed as fol-lows:1) compared with the control group, the average egg weight in 13.5%, 18.0% and 22.5% groups was significantly decreased ( P<0 .05 ) , and the average egg weight and daily egg mass in 22 .5%group were significantly decreased ( P<0 .05 ) , but the ratio of feed to egg in 22 .5% group was significantly increased (P<0.05).2) Dietary CSM level had no significant effects on laying rate, broken egg rate, abnormal egg rate, eggshell thickness, eggshell strength, Haugh unit and yolk color ( P>0.05 ) .3 ) Compared with the control group, the plasma reduced glutathione ( GSH) content and the GSH/oxidized glutathione ( GSSG) val-ue in 9.0%, 13.5%, 18.0% and 22.5% groups were significantly decreased (P<0.05), but the plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) content was significantly increased (P<0.05).There were no differences in total antioxidant capacity ( T-AOC) and the activities of glutamic oxalacetic transaminase ( GOT) , glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) among all groups (P>0.05).4) The integrity of the dominant follicles was impaired, and some of them were fractured to fusion in 9.0%, 13.5%, 18.0% and 22.5% groups.5) The content of FG in rectal contents was 5.57 mg/kg in 22.5%group, but it was unde-tectable in breast muscle, liver, kidney, egg yolk and egg albumen.In conclusion, there is no negative effects on laying performance, egg quality and organic damage when dietary CSM level is less than 9.0%, and there is no residues of gossypol in egg and breast muscle.