中国饲料
中國飼料
중국사료
CHINA FEED
2014年
3期
29-33
,共5页
吴爽%张永根%夏科%李富国%王志博%姚庆
吳爽%張永根%夏科%李富國%王誌博%姚慶
오상%장영근%하과%리부국%왕지박%요경
粗饲料组合类型%甲烷产量%氮代谢%奶牛
粗飼料組閤類型%甲烷產量%氮代謝%奶牛
조사료조합류형%갑완산량%담대사%내우
forages combination types%methane emission%nitrogen metabolism%dairy cows
为研究不同粗饲料组合类型对奶牛瘤胃甲烷产生量及氮代谢的影响。本试验采用单因素随机区组试验设计，将16头健康荷斯坦干奶牛随机分为4组。以东北地区常用的粗饲料及其组合设计4种粗饲料类型：A组（玉米青贮＋玉米秸秆）；B组（玉米青贮＋羊草）；C组（玉米青贮＋玉米秸秆＋羊草）；D组（玉米青贮＋苜蓿＋羊草）。精饲料由玉米、麦麸、糖蜜、玉米纤维饲料、豆粕、棉籽粕和玉米胚芽饼为主要原料配制。试验结果表明：日粮A组奶牛干物质采食量（DMI）、总能及总氮摄入量均显著低于其他三种类型日粮组（P<0.05），日粮D组最高，其总能摄入量分别较日粮A、B、C组高11.06%、5.20%和8.05%，总氮摄入量分别较日粮A、B、C组高14.09%、8.88%和9.95%，日粮B组与日粮C组差异不显著（P＞0.05）。日粮A、B组奶牛瘤胃甲烷的产生量（L/d）、以甲烷形式损失的能量（MJ/d）显著高于日粮C、D组（P＜0.05），其中日粮A组每天瘤胃甲烷的产生量分别高于日粮C、D组3.36%和6.00%，日粮B组每天瘤胃甲烷的产生量分别高于日粮C、D组6.41%和9.12%，日粮A组以甲烷形式损失的能量分别高于日粮C、D组3.30%和6.00%，日粮B组产生的甲烷能分别高于日粮C、D组6.35%和9.13%。每千克干物质采食量的甲烷产生量（CH4/DMI）、每兆焦总能摄入量产生的甲烷量（CH4/GEI）以及甲烷能占摄入总能的比例（CH4/GEI），日粮B组与日粮C组之间差异不显著（P＞0.05），其他各日粮类型组间差异显著（P＜0.05）。而日粮A组粪氮排放量占总摄入氮的比例有高于日粮D组的趋势（P＜0.10）。日粮D组奶牛尿氮排放量显著高于其他类型日粮组（P＜0.05），分别较日粮A、B、C组高18.84%、17.28%和15.51%，但尿氮排放量占总摄入氮量各组间差异不显著（P＞0.05）。日粮D组奶牛粪氮和尿氮总量显著高于其他三种类型日粮组（P＜0.05），分别较日粮A、B、C组高7.19%、8.35%和6.88%，但日粮B组与日粮D组的粪氮和尿氮总量占总摄入氮量的比例却显著低于日粮A组和日粮C组（P＜0.05），其中日粮B组分别低于日粮A、C组5.58%和2.33%，日粮D组分别低于日粮A、C组6.04%和2.80%。由此可见，玉米秸秆与羊草混合使用时，将降低由玉米秸秆组成的日粮的CH4产量及氮的损失，而在最常用的粗饲料组合类型中，含有羊草与苜蓿的混合日粮向环境排放的CH4及日粮氮损失较少。
為研究不同粗飼料組閤類型對奶牛瘤胃甲烷產生量及氮代謝的影響。本試驗採用單因素隨機區組試驗設計，將16頭健康荷斯坦榦奶牛隨機分為4組。以東北地區常用的粗飼料及其組閤設計4種粗飼料類型：A組（玉米青貯＋玉米秸稈）；B組（玉米青貯＋羊草）；C組（玉米青貯＋玉米秸稈＋羊草）；D組（玉米青貯＋苜蓿＋羊草）。精飼料由玉米、麥麩、糖蜜、玉米纖維飼料、豆粕、棉籽粕和玉米胚芽餅為主要原料配製。試驗結果錶明：日糧A組奶牛榦物質採食量（DMI）、總能及總氮攝入量均顯著低于其他三種類型日糧組（P<0.05），日糧D組最高，其總能攝入量分彆較日糧A、B、C組高11.06%、5.20%和8.05%，總氮攝入量分彆較日糧A、B、C組高14.09%、8.88%和9.95%，日糧B組與日糧C組差異不顯著（P＞0.05）。日糧A、B組奶牛瘤胃甲烷的產生量（L/d）、以甲烷形式損失的能量（MJ/d）顯著高于日糧C、D組（P＜0.05），其中日糧A組每天瘤胃甲烷的產生量分彆高于日糧C、D組3.36%和6.00%，日糧B組每天瘤胃甲烷的產生量分彆高于日糧C、D組6.41%和9.12%，日糧A組以甲烷形式損失的能量分彆高于日糧C、D組3.30%和6.00%，日糧B組產生的甲烷能分彆高于日糧C、D組6.35%和9.13%。每韆剋榦物質採食量的甲烷產生量（CH4/DMI）、每兆焦總能攝入量產生的甲烷量（CH4/GEI）以及甲烷能佔攝入總能的比例（CH4/GEI），日糧B組與日糧C組之間差異不顯著（P＞0.05），其他各日糧類型組間差異顯著（P＜0.05）。而日糧A組糞氮排放量佔總攝入氮的比例有高于日糧D組的趨勢（P＜0.10）。日糧D組奶牛尿氮排放量顯著高于其他類型日糧組（P＜0.05），分彆較日糧A、B、C組高18.84%、17.28%和15.51%，但尿氮排放量佔總攝入氮量各組間差異不顯著（P＞0.05）。日糧D組奶牛糞氮和尿氮總量顯著高于其他三種類型日糧組（P＜0.05），分彆較日糧A、B、C組高7.19%、8.35%和6.88%，但日糧B組與日糧D組的糞氮和尿氮總量佔總攝入氮量的比例卻顯著低于日糧A組和日糧C組（P＜0.05），其中日糧B組分彆低于日糧A、C組5.58%和2.33%，日糧D組分彆低于日糧A、C組6.04%和2.80%。由此可見，玉米秸稈與羊草混閤使用時，將降低由玉米秸稈組成的日糧的CH4產量及氮的損失，而在最常用的粗飼料組閤類型中，含有羊草與苜蓿的混閤日糧嚮環境排放的CH4及日糧氮損失較少。
위연구불동조사료조합류형대내우류위갑완산생량급담대사적영향。본시험채용단인소수궤구조시험설계，장16두건강하사탄간내우수궤분위4조。이동북지구상용적조사료급기조합설계4충조사료류형：A조（옥미청저＋옥미갈간）；B조（옥미청저＋양초）；C조（옥미청저＋옥미갈간＋양초）；D조（옥미청저＋목숙＋양초）。정사료유옥미、맥부、당밀、옥미섬유사료、두박、면자박화옥미배아병위주요원료배제。시험결과표명：일량A조내우간물질채식량（DMI）、총능급총담섭입량균현저저우기타삼충류형일량조（P<0.05），일량D조최고，기총능섭입량분별교일량A、B、C조고11.06%、5.20%화8.05%，총담섭입량분별교일량A、B、C조고14.09%、8.88%화9.95%，일량B조여일량C조차이불현저（P＞0.05）。일량A、B조내우류위갑완적산생량（L/d）、이갑완형식손실적능량（MJ/d）현저고우일량C、D조（P＜0.05），기중일량A조매천류위갑완적산생량분별고우일량C、D조3.36%화6.00%，일량B조매천류위갑완적산생량분별고우일량C、D조6.41%화9.12%，일량A조이갑완형식손실적능량분별고우일량C、D조3.30%화6.00%，일량B조산생적갑완능분별고우일량C、D조6.35%화9.13%。매천극간물질채식량적갑완산생량（CH4/DMI）、매조초총능섭입양산생적갑완량（CH4/GEI）이급갑완능점섭입총능적비례（CH4/GEI），일량B조여일량C조지간차이불현저（P＞0.05），기타각일량류형조간차이현저（P＜0.05）。이일량A조분담배방량점총섭입담적비례유고우일량D조적추세（P＜0.10）。일량D조내우뇨담배방량현저고우기타류형일량조（P＜0.05），분별교일량A、B、C조고18.84%、17.28%화15.51%，단뇨담배방량점총섭입담량각조간차이불현저（P＞0.05）。일량D조내우분담화뇨담총량현저고우기타삼충류형일량조（P＜0.05），분별교일량A、B、C조고7.19%、8.35%화6.88%，단일량B조여일량D조적분담화뇨담총량점총섭입담량적비례각현저저우일량A조화일량C조（P＜0.05），기중일량B조분별저우일량A、C조5.58%화2.33%，일량D조분별저우일량A、C조6.04%화2.80%。유차가견，옥미갈간여양초혼합사용시，장강저유옥미갈간조성적일량적CH4산량급담적손실，이재최상용적조사료조합류형중，함유양초여목숙적혼합일량향배경배방적CH4급일량담손실교소。
The study was conducted to investigate the effect of forage combination types on rumen methane emissions and nitrogen metabolism of dairy cows. A single factor random block was used in this study.Sixteen Holstein cows were randomly divided into 4 groups which were fed with diet A(forage was composed of corn silage,corn stover),diet B(forage was composed of corn silage,chinensis wildry),diet C(forage was composed of corn silage,corn stover,chinensis wildry), and diet D(forage was composed of corn silage,alfalfa hay,chinensis wildry),respectively.The diets contained corn,wheat bran,molasses beet,corn glut meal,soybean meal,cottonseed meal and corn germ meal. The result showed that:Diet A group had a lower dry matter intake(DMI),gross energy intake(GEI),total nitrogen intake(TNI),compared with the other three diet groups(P<0.05),and diet D group had the highest DMI,GEI and TNI(P < 0.05),its GEI was 11.06%,5.20%and 8.05%higher than that of diet A,B,C group,respectively,and TNI was 14.09%,8.88%and 9.95%higher than that of the other three diets groups,and there was no significant difference between diet B group and diet C group(P>0.05).Diet A group and Diet B group had a higher methane production,methane energy loss,compared with diet C group and diet D group (P<0.05),the methane production of diet A group was 3.36%,6.00% higher than that of diet C group and diet D group,and which of diet B group was 6.41%,9.12% higher than that of diet C group and diet D group,the methane energy loss of diet A group was 3.30% and 6.00%higher than that of diet C group and diet D group,and which of diet B group was 6.35%and 9.13%higher than that of di-et C group and diet D group.Methane production (L)per Megajoule GEI,per kg DMI,and percentage of methane energy to GEI was significantly different between diet A group and diet D group(P<0.05).Fecal N(FN)was similar among treatment groups (P>0.05);however,diet A group trendly had a higher percentage of FN to TNI,compared with diet D group (P=0.071).Urinary N(UN) excretion of diet D group was 18.84%,17.28%and 15.51%higher than that of group A,B,C (P<0.05),however UN/TNI was not affected by diet types (P > 0.05).FN+UN of diet D group was 7.19%,7.19% and 8.35%higher than that of other three diet groups,and (FN+UN)/TNI of diet B group and diet D group was lower than that of diet A group and diet C group (P < 0.05),which of diet B group was 5.58% and 2.33% lower than diet A group and diet C group,and which of group D was 6.04% and 2.80% lower than diet A group and diet C group.The results indicated that mixture of corn stover and chinensis wildry could reduce mehtane emission and N excretion ,and among the most common diet types,the diet including corn sliage,chinensis wildry and alfalfa had lower mehtane emission and N excretion.
