电力系统自动化
電力繫統自動化
전력계통자동화
AUTOMATION OF ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEMS
2014年
4期
65-71
,共7页
江道灼%张弛%郑欢%叶李心%严玉婷
江道灼%張弛%鄭歡%葉李心%嚴玉婷
강도작%장이%정환%협리심%엄옥정
高压直流断路器%主电路拓扑%器件串(并)联%能量转移与吸收
高壓直流斷路器%主電路拓撲%器件串(併)聯%能量轉移與吸收
고압직류단로기%주전로탁복%기건천(병)련%능량전이여흡수
high-voltage direct current circuit breaker%main circuit topology%series and parallel devices%energy transfer and absorption
直流输电与交流输电相比,具有线损低、不存在系统同步运行稳定性问题等一系列优点。近年来,随着电压源型高压变流器等技术的迅速发展,柔性多端高压直流输电系统、直流输配电网以及直流断路器等关键技术与装备的研究受到了国内外的高度重视。文中简要阐述了机械式、全固态与混合式3类直流断路器的拓扑结构、工作原理、优缺点及国内外研究现状,指出高压直流断路器应以混合式为主要发展方向;提出一种限流式混合直流断路器方案并仿真验证了其可行性,该方案采用全/半控器件串联构成固态开关再与机械开关并联的混合开关结构及故障限流技术,可有效抑制直流短路电流上升率,降低故障判断灵敏性与机械开关速动性的要求,减少高压应用场合下固态开关器件的串联数量(特别是绝缘栅双极型晶体管等价格昂贵的全控型器件),从而降低装置工程化实现的技术难度及其体积与成本。
直流輸電與交流輸電相比,具有線損低、不存在繫統同步運行穩定性問題等一繫列優點。近年來,隨著電壓源型高壓變流器等技術的迅速髮展,柔性多耑高壓直流輸電繫統、直流輸配電網以及直流斷路器等關鍵技術與裝備的研究受到瞭國內外的高度重視。文中簡要闡述瞭機械式、全固態與混閤式3類直流斷路器的拓撲結構、工作原理、優缺點及國內外研究現狀,指齣高壓直流斷路器應以混閤式為主要髮展方嚮;提齣一種限流式混閤直流斷路器方案併倣真驗證瞭其可行性,該方案採用全/半控器件串聯構成固態開關再與機械開關併聯的混閤開關結構及故障限流技術,可有效抑製直流短路電流上升率,降低故障判斷靈敏性與機械開關速動性的要求,減少高壓應用場閤下固態開關器件的串聯數量(特彆是絕緣柵雙極型晶體管等價格昂貴的全控型器件),從而降低裝置工程化實現的技術難度及其體積與成本。
직류수전여교류수전상비,구유선손저、불존재계통동보운행은정성문제등일계렬우점。근년래,수착전압원형고압변류기등기술적신속발전,유성다단고압직류수전계통、직류수배전망이급직류단로기등관건기술여장비적연구수도료국내외적고도중시。문중간요천술료궤계식、전고태여혼합식3류직류단로기적탁복결구、공작원리、우결점급국내외연구현상,지출고압직류단로기응이혼합식위주요발전방향;제출일충한류식혼합직류단로기방안병방진험증료기가행성,해방안채용전/반공기건천련구성고태개관재여궤계개관병련적혼합개관결구급고장한류기술,가유효억제직류단로전류상승솔,강저고장판단령민성여궤계개관속동성적요구,감소고압응용장합하고태개관기건적천련수량(특별시절연책쌍겁형정체관등개격앙귀적전공형기건),종이강저장치공정화실현적기술난도급기체적여성본。
In contrast to alternating current(AC) power transmission,direct current(DC) power transmission has a series of advantages,such as low line loss and nonexistence of the problem of system synchronous operation stability.In recent years, with the rapid development of voltage source converter technology with higher voltage,the study on flexible multi-terminal high voltage direct current transmission(HVDC) system,DC transmission and distribution power net,as well as the related key technologies and equipments such as the high-voltage DC circuit breaker (DC-breaker) has captured great attention from the community at home and abroad.The research status of three types of DC-breakers(spoken of as the mechanical type,all-solid-state and hybrid type DC-breakers) and their topologies,working principles,advantages as well as disadvantages are briefly treated.It is concluded that the hybrid type should be the main trend of development for high-voltage DC-breakers. Furthermore,a scheme of hybrid DC-breakers with fault current limiting is proposed, its feasibility verified through simulation.In this scheme the DC-breaker adopts the hybrid solid-state switch (composed of half and full gate-controlled devices in series connection) which is paralleled with a mechanical breaker involving the fault-current-limiting technology. Therefore the rising rate of short-circuit current can be effectively restrained,relieving the requirement on fault diagnosis sensitivity and mechanical breaker speed.Moreover,the series quantities of solid-state switching devices (especially the expensive full gate-controlled devices such as the insulated gate bipolar transistor)in high voltage application,and the technical difficulty and production costs etc will be reduced.