CAJ | 학술논문

土壤微生物特性是土壤养分的储存库，土壤养分也影响土壤微生物活性，了解两者的相互作用机制对土地利用与管理提供理论依据，而喀斯特地区不同土地利用方式相关研究较少。基于喀斯特峰丛洼地火烧、刈割、刈割除根、封育、种植玉米、种植桂牧1号杂交象草6种坡面典型的土地利用方式的动态监测样地建设与调查，该文分析了不同土地利用方式下土壤微生物特性，揭示其与土壤养分相互作用机制。结果表明，不同土地利用方式对土壤养分的影响不同，土壤有机质（soil organic matter，SOM）、全氮（total nitrogen，TN）、全磷（total phosphorus， TP）、碱解氮（available nitrogen，AN）等沿封育、火烧、刈割、刈割除根、种植桂牧1号、种植玉米等土地利用方式的转变而减少；不同土地利用方式土壤微生物生物量各不同，土壤微生物量碳（microbial biomass carbon, MBC）：244.98～1246.89 mg/kg、土壤微生物量氮（microbial biomass nitrogen，MBN）：35.44～274.69 mg/kg、土壤微生物量磷（microbial biomass phosphorus，MBP）：30.88～64.72 mg/kg，其中，种植玉米土壤微生物生物量均最低，其土壤质量退化现象严重；不同土地利用方式土壤微生物种群数量及组成影响不同，种植玉米和桂牧1号杂交象草细菌占绝对优势，而火烧、刈割、刈割除根及封育均以放线菌占绝对优势，真菌的比例很少；不同土地利用方式土壤微生物特性与土壤养分之间相互作用关系不同：火烧的土壤TP和MBP、全钾（total potassium，TK）与MBC、TN与放线菌作用最强且均呈正相关，刈割的土壤TN与MBC呈正相关，刈割除根的速效磷（available phosphorus，AP）与MBN正相关，封育的pH值与MBC、真菌负相关，种植玉米的TN、TK与MBP负相关，种植桂牧1号杂交象草的pH值与真菌负相关、与放线菌正相关；聚类分析可以将喀斯特峰丛洼地6种土地利用方式划分为4类，其中封育和火烧最好。土壤微生物特性是土壤養分的儲存庫，土壤養分也影響土壤微生物活性，瞭解兩者的相互作用機製對土地利用與管理提供理論依據，而喀斯特地區不同土地利用方式相關研究較少。基于喀斯特峰叢窪地火燒、刈割、刈割除根、封育、種植玉米、種植桂牧1號雜交象草6種坡麵典型的土地利用方式的動態鑑測樣地建設與調查，該文分析瞭不同土地利用方式下土壤微生物特性，揭示其與土壤養分相互作用機製。結果錶明，不同土地利用方式對土壤養分的影響不同，土壤有機質（soil organic matter，SOM）、全氮（total nitrogen，TN）、全燐（total phosphorus， TP）、堿解氮（available nitrogen，AN）等沿封育、火燒、刈割、刈割除根、種植桂牧1號、種植玉米等土地利用方式的轉變而減少；不同土地利用方式土壤微生物生物量各不同，土壤微生物量碳（microbial biomass carbon, MBC）：244.98～1246.89 mg/kg、土壤微生物量氮（microbial biomass nitrogen，MBN）：35.44～274.69 mg/kg、土壤微生物量燐（microbial biomass phosphorus，MBP）：30.88～64.72 mg/kg，其中，種植玉米土壤微生物生物量均最低，其土壤質量退化現象嚴重；不同土地利用方式土壤微生物種群數量及組成影響不同，種植玉米和桂牧1號雜交象草細菌佔絕對優勢，而火燒、刈割、刈割除根及封育均以放線菌佔絕對優勢，真菌的比例很少；不同土地利用方式土壤微生物特性與土壤養分之間相互作用關繫不同：火燒的土壤TP和MBP、全鉀（total potassium，TK）與MBC、TN與放線菌作用最彊且均呈正相關，刈割的土壤TN與MBC呈正相關，刈割除根的速效燐（available phosphorus，AP）與MBN正相關，封育的pH值與MBC、真菌負相關，種植玉米的TN、TK與MBP負相關，種植桂牧1號雜交象草的pH值與真菌負相關、與放線菌正相關；聚類分析可以將喀斯特峰叢窪地6種土地利用方式劃分為4類，其中封育和火燒最好。
토양미생물특성시토양양분적저존고，토양양분야영향토양미생물활성，료해량자적상호작용궤제대토지이용여관리제공이론의거，이객사특지구불동토지이용방식상관연구교소。기우객사특봉총와지화소、예할、예할제근、봉육、충식옥미、충식계목1호잡교상초6충파면전형적토지이용방식적동태감측양지건설여조사，해문분석료불동토지이용방식하토양미생물특성，게시기여토양양분상호작용궤제。결과표명，불동토지이용방식대토양양분적영향불동，토양유궤질（soil organic matter，SOM）、전담（total nitrogen，TN）、전린（total phosphorus， TP）、감해담（available nitrogen，AN）등연봉육、화소、예할、예할제근、충식계목1호、충식옥미등토지이용방식적전변이감소；불동토지이용방식토양미생물생물량각불동，토양미생물량탄（microbial biomass carbon, MBC）：244.98～1246.89 mg/kg、토양미생물량담（microbial biomass nitrogen，MBN）：35.44～274.69 mg/kg、토양미생물량린（microbial biomass phosphorus，MBP）：30.88～64.72 mg/kg，기중，충식옥미토양미생물생물량균최저，기토양질량퇴화현상엄중；불동토지이용방식토양미생물충군수량급조성영향불동，충식옥미화계목1호잡교상초세균점절대우세，이화소、예할、예할제근급봉육균이방선균점절대우세，진균적비례흔소；불동토지이용방식토양미생물특성여토양양분지간상호작용관계불동：화소적토양TP화MBP、전갑（total potassium，TK）여MBC、TN여방선균작용최강차균정정상관，예할적토양TN여MBC정정상관，예할제근적속효린（available phosphorus，AP）여MBN정상관，봉육적pH치여MBC、진균부상관，충식옥미적TN、TK여MBP부상관，충식계목1호잡교상초적pH치여진균부상관、여방선균정상관；취류분석가이장객사특봉총와지6충토지이용방식화분위4류，기중봉육화화소최호。
Soil microbial properties are the reserve for soil nutrients, while soil nutrients would in reverse influence soil microbial activities. Therefore, gaining some knowledge of the interaction between them is urgent to help with land utilization and management. Depression between Karst hills is a typical landscape, which is located in the slope of the Karst region in southwest China, with a small environmental capacity resulting in a low ability in recovery. However, the related research studies under different land use types in the depression between Karst hills are rare. Based on the dynamic monitoring and investigation of six common land use types (i.e., burning, cutting, cutting plus with root removal, enclosure, maize plantation, and pasture of Guimu No. 1 (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Guimu-1) plantation) on a slope in a Karst region, this paper analyzed soil microbial properties, as well as the interactions between microbial properties and soil nutrients. The results showed that the status of soil nutrients differed among six land use types, and contents of soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), and available nitrogen (AN) reduced along the conversion from enclosure, burning, cutting, cutting plus with root removal, pasture plantation, to maize plantation. Soil microbial biomass varied in the six land use types, microbial biomass carbon (MBC) ranging from 244.98 to 1 246.89 mg/kg, microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) from 35.44 to 274.69 mg/kg, and microbial biomass phosphorus (MBP) from 30.88 to 64.72 mg/kg. Among them, soil microbial biomass was lowest under maize plantation and when it was indicated that the soil was in a severe degradation status. Soil microbial population and composition varied in the six land use types:bacterium were predominant under planting maize and pasture of Guimu No. 1, which may be due to fertilization making some improvement in soil physical properties and microbial zone; actinomycetes were predominant under burning, cutting, cutting plus with root removal, and enclosure, which suggests that under these four land use types, actinomycetes had stronger fertility, competition, and consumption over soil nutrients other than microbial populations;while fungi accounted for a small proportion in all the six land use types. The interaction between soil microorganisms and soil nutrients diversified in the different land use types. The interactions between soil TP and MBP, total potassium (TK) and MBC, TN and actinomycetes under burning, TN and MBC under cutting, available phosphorus (AP) and MBN under cutting plus with root removal, pH values and actinomycetes under pasture plantation were positively strongest. While the interaction between pH values and MBC and fungus under enclosure, TN, TK, and MBP under maize plantation, pH values and fungi under planting pasture of Guimu No.1 were negatively strongest. The six land use types in the Karst region could be clustered into four categories, and enclosure and burning were best. This would provide some basis for land utilization and management in the depression between Karst hills and even for the whole Karst region in the southwest of China.