CAJ | 학술논문

为阐释温度在堆肥预处理影响秸秆厌氧发酵产沼气中的作用，以麦秸为原料，研究堆肥不同升温阶段麦秸的厌氧发酵产气特性，并以麦秸堆肥的温度数据为基础，以灭菌后的麦秸为原料进行模拟堆肥（不同温度处理），模拟堆肥后的麦秸进行厌氧发酵产沼气。结果表明，在堆温升至55℃前，麦秸干物质（TS）损失率为4.06%，当堆温升至55℃后麦秸TS损失率迅速增加，堆肥10 d后麦秸TS损失率达22.45%；堆肥后麦秸厌氧发酵产气速率并无明显提高，TS产气量随堆肥时间先增加后降低，以堆温升至55℃时麦秸TS产气量最大，为349.92 mL/g，较开始堆肥增加了7.56%，扣除堆肥造成麦秸有机物损失，堆肥预处理对麦秸产气量并无明显促进；当堆温超过55℃以上9 d的麦秸产气量仅为开始堆肥的66.58%。模拟堆肥的结果表明，不同温度处理对麦秸有机物损失、物质组成均有较大影响，模拟堆肥后麦秸半纤维素大幅降低了28.10%，TS 产气量随处理温度、处理时间的增加先增加后降低，当处理温度为55℃时获得最大TS产气量，为342.36 mL/g，较未处理提高了8.35%；随着处理温度的提高和处理时间的延长，麦秸 TS 产气量逐渐降低。以上结果表明，堆肥预处理产生的高温对破坏秸秆物质结构、提高其厌氧生物转化性能有较大影响，当秸秆堆体温度升至55℃时应停止堆肥，进行厌氧发酵产沼气。该文可为堆肥预处理在秸秆沼气工程中应用提供参考。
위천석온도재퇴비예처리영향갈간염양발효산소기중적작용，이맥갈위원료，연구퇴비불동승온계단맥갈적염양발효산기특성，병이맥갈퇴비적온도수거위기출，이멸균후적맥갈위원료진행모의퇴비（불동온도처리），모의퇴비후적맥갈진행염양발효산소기。결과표명，재퇴온승지55℃전，맥갈간물질（TS）손실솔위4.06%，당퇴온승지55℃후맥갈TS손실솔신속증가，퇴비10 d후맥갈TS손실솔체22.45%；퇴비후맥갈염양발효산기속솔병무명현제고，TS산기량수퇴비시간선증가후강저，이퇴온승지55℃시맥갈TS산기량최대，위349.92 mL/g，교개시퇴비증가료7.56%，구제퇴비조성맥갈유궤물손실，퇴비예처리대맥갈산기량병무명현촉진；당퇴온초과55℃이상9 d적맥갈산기량부위개시퇴비적66.58%。모의퇴비적결과표명，불동온도처리대맥갈유궤물손실、물질조성균유교대영향，모의퇴비후맥갈반섬유소대폭강저료28.10%，TS 산기량수처리온도、처리시간적증가선증가후강저，당처리온도위55℃시획득최대TS산기량，위342.36 mL/g，교미처리제고료8.35%；수착처리온도적제고화처리시간적연장，맥갈 TS 산기량축점강저。이상결과표명，퇴비예처리산생적고온대파배갈간물질결구、제고기염양생물전화성능유교대영향，당갈간퇴체온도승지55℃시응정지퇴비，진행염양발효산소기。해문가위퇴비예처리재갈간소기공정중응용제공삼고。
Composting pretreatment has been widely used in biogas plant of agricultural straw for improving biotransformation rate of lignocellulosic materials. However, the mechanisms on composting pretreatment of agricultural straw for biogas production need more research. In this study, two experiments were conducted to evaluate the impacts of composting pretreatment on biogas production of wheat straw. In the first experiment, the wheat straw was directly used for composting and then composted straw was used in the biomethane potential (BMP) test. For the second one, wheat straw was sterilized by gamma ray radiation pretreatment and treated under different temperature with different time. Then the treated straw was used for the BMP test. The results of experiments indicated that large percentage of organic matter in wheat straw was degraded during composting process. The total solid (TS) loss rate of wheat straw was only 4.06%when composting pile temperature was less than 55℃. When composting pile temperature was set up at 55℃, the TS loss rate of wheat straw increased 22.45%after 10 days’ composting treatment. Gas data showed that biogas production rate of wheat straw was not improved obviously. The TS biogas yield of wheat straw increased with composting pile temperature and then decreased. The highest TS biogas yield of wheat straw of 349.92 mL/g was observed at 55℃of composting pile temperature, which is 7.56% higher than that of uncomposted wheat straw. There was no significantly improvement in biogas production between composted and uncomposted wheat straw during composting process for organic matter loss of wheat straw. However, longer composting time led to lower biogas yield of wheat straw. When composting pile temperature was kept at 55℃for 9 days, The TS biogas yield of composted wheat straw was only 66.58%. When the content of organic matter and material composition of wheat straw were changed, content of hemicellulose of wheat straw was decreased by 28.10%. Results of gas data of simulated composting experiment showed the same trend as the first experiment. The highest TS biogas yield of wheat straw of 342.36 mL/g was obtained at 55℃ with 8.35%, which is higher than that of control. Therefore the high temperature from composting process is an important factor of destruction of lignocellulose structure and improving biotransformation rate of wheat straw. When the composting pile temperature was set up at 55℃, anaerobic digested inoculums was added into straw pile and can be used for biogas production.