CAJ | 학술논문

为了揭示秸秆隔层与地膜覆盖的蓄水控盐机理，通过室内土柱模拟试验，研究了浅层地下水埋深条件下秸秆隔层对土壤水分入渗过程以及结合地膜覆盖对蒸发过程和水盐运移的影响。入渗试验设置了均质土（对照）和秸秆隔层处理，蒸发试验在均质土和秸秆隔层处理的土表分别增设覆膜和不覆膜处理。研究结果表明：1）秸秆隔层不但降低了土壤水分入渗速率和湿润锋推进深度，还引起了湿润锋的不稳定性，即优先流现象的出现；2）秸秆隔层能抑制潜水蒸发，对累积蒸发量的抑制率可达75.07%～95.42%；3）秸秆隔层改变了土壤水盐时空分布特征，在入渗过程中可增加土壤含水率，降低土壤含盐量；蒸发过程中可将盐分控制在底土层中，抑制了土壤返盐；4）地膜覆盖可减少土壤水分散失和减弱盐分表聚，而秸秆隔层结合地膜覆盖对潜水蒸发和土壤返盐的抑制效应更强，淡化耕层作用更为明显。该研究结果可为河套灌区农田抑盐、保水和合理的耕作措施的制定提供依据和参考。
위료게시갈간격층여지막복개적축수공염궤리，통과실내토주모의시험，연구료천층지하수매심조건하갈간격층대토양수분입삼과정이급결합지막복개대증발과정화수염운이적영향。입삼시험설치료균질토（대조）화갈간격층처리，증발시험재균질토화갈간격층처리적토표분별증설복막화불복막처리。연구결과표명：1）갈간격층불단강저료토양수분입삼속솔화습윤봉추진심도，환인기료습윤봉적불은정성，즉우선류현상적출현；2）갈간격층능억제잠수증발，대루적증발량적억제솔가체75.07%～95.42%；3）갈간격층개변료토양수염시공분포특정，재입삼과정중가증가토양함수솔，강저토양함염량；증발과정중가장염분공제재저토층중，억제료토양반염；4）지막복개가감소토양수분산실화감약염분표취，이갈간격층결합지막복개대잠수증발화토양반염적억제효응경강，담화경층작용경위명현。해연구결과가위하투관구농전억염、보수화합리적경작조시적제정제공의거화삼고。
Soil salinization severely restricts sustainable agricultural development in the Hetao Irrigation Distract in Inner Mongolia of China. Furthermore, insufficient drainage and over irrigation have aggravated the development of salinization of soil in this area. As such, people are forced to use better and more effective approaches for soil and water management in saline fields to increase crop productivity. The positive effect of both burial of straw interlayer and plastic mulch on the soil infiltration and/or evaporation has been reported, but there is a paucity of information on the effect of combined straw interlayer with plastic mulch, particularly its influence mechanism. With the aim of revealing the beneficial effects of straw interlayer and plastic mulch on water storage and salt control, a laboratory simulation experiment was conducted to study the processes of soil water infiltration and evaporation with the shallow groundwater table, as well as the distribution and transportation of soil water and salt. In the infiltration process, two treatments were designed, including homogenous soil as a control and straw interlayer buried at 40 cm depth. In the consequent process of water evaporation, plastic mulch and non-mulch practices were added respectively based on the previous treatments. The results showed that the straw interlayer buried treatments not only reduced the water infiltration rate and advanced the wetting velocity, but also induced the instability of the wetting front, i.e., the appearance of the preferential flow in the infiltration process. On the other hand, the straw interlayer buried treatments dramatically reduced the groundwater evaporation, and decreased the cumulative evaporation by 75.07%~95.42%during the successive evaporation of 30 days, when compared with the levels of control. In addition, the burial of straw interlayer altered the distribution and transportation of soil water and salt in soil profile. The soil water content in the straw interlayer imposed treatments at the top soil layers was increased while salt content was decreased in the infiltration process, compared to the corresponding ones without the straw interlayer treatments due mainly to the promoted solute leaching efficiency. Primarily, the soil capillary being cut off by the straw interlayer thereby salts up in the straw interlayer buried treatments was controlled, and blocked in the deeper soil layers during the evaporation process. Throughout the experiment, plastic mulch also had an effect of retaining soil moisture and preventing salt accumulating to the surface soil layer. However, the potential effect of mulched with plastic film only on controlling salt accumulation was not as significant as the straw interlayer buried only did. Moreover, the combination of straw interlayer and plastic mulch treatment performed better to prevent water evaporation and salts built-up in the soil than either non-mulch, or the individual use of straw interlayer or plastic mulch. Therefore, a combined straw interlayer and plastic mulch would provide a better edaphic environment for crop growth in agricultural production. The results of this study provide a reference for salt control and water conversation, as well as field management practices in an arid area and saline field.