CAJ | 학술논문

中国海域深水区（水深大于300 m）沉积盆地主要分布在南海海域。南海经历古南海、新南海两大边缘海构造旋回，形成中央洋壳、大陆坡和大陆架。各大陆边缘具有“西、北张；东、南压；南沙漂移”特征。深水区沉积盆地呈环型沿陆坡和南沙地块分布，东部深水区盆地不甚发育。南海西、北部大陆边缘深水区盆地经历了古近纪的裂谷作用和新近纪的拗陷及新构造作用。南沙地块经历了始新世-早渐新世断陷、晚渐新世-早中新世漂移和晚中新世以来的挤压阶段。南海南部大陆边缘渐新世以来长期处于挤压状态。南海东部大陆边缘晚中新世末以来处于挤压造岛阶段，导致南海封闭和俯冲带盆地发育。南海深水区盆地烃源岩发育层系多，包括白垩系、古新统、始新统、渐新统、中新统，其中白垩系-始新统烃源岩主要分布在南沙地块，渐新统-中新统烃源岩分布在大陆坡，呈现中央时代老、周缘时代新的格局。烃源岩类型主要是海陆过渡相煤层、碳质泥岩、暗色泥岩和海相泥岩，主要盆地现今为热盆-超热盆，历史热流值更高，十分有利于沉积有机质向油气转化。南海深水区主要生烃凹陷呈“C”型沿北部大陆边缘-西部大陆边缘-南部大陆边缘和南沙地块分布，发育10多个面积大、基底顶面埋藏深度大、地层厚度大、资源潜力大的凹陷，其中部分凹陷已被证实为富生烃凹陷。南海深水区储集体主要有大型深水扇体系、生物礁、三角洲相砂岩等。深水区盖层优良，多为厚层泥岩。圈闭类型有大型构造圈闭、生物礁、大型地层岩性圈闭。深水区油气大多为晚期生排烃，晚期聚集、近源成藏，普遍具有“下生、中储、上盖”的优越成藏组合。深水区油气勘探策略是尽快优选最有利的生烃凹陷及其最优的区带和目标，尽快发现一批骨干大油气田。中國海域深水區（水深大于300 m）沉積盆地主要分佈在南海海域。南海經歷古南海、新南海兩大邊緣海構造鏇迴，形成中央洋殼、大陸坡和大陸架。各大陸邊緣具有“西、北張；東、南壓；南沙漂移”特徵。深水區沉積盆地呈環型沿陸坡和南沙地塊分佈，東部深水區盆地不甚髮育。南海西、北部大陸邊緣深水區盆地經歷瞭古近紀的裂穀作用和新近紀的拗陷及新構造作用。南沙地塊經歷瞭始新世-早漸新世斷陷、晚漸新世-早中新世漂移和晚中新世以來的擠壓階段。南海南部大陸邊緣漸新世以來長期處于擠壓狀態。南海東部大陸邊緣晚中新世末以來處于擠壓造島階段，導緻南海封閉和俯遲帶盆地髮育。南海深水區盆地烴源巖髮育層繫多，包括白堊繫、古新統、始新統、漸新統、中新統，其中白堊繫-始新統烴源巖主要分佈在南沙地塊，漸新統-中新統烴源巖分佈在大陸坡，呈現中央時代老、週緣時代新的格跼。烴源巖類型主要是海陸過渡相煤層、碳質泥巖、暗色泥巖和海相泥巖，主要盆地現今為熱盆-超熱盆，歷史熱流值更高，十分有利于沉積有機質嚮油氣轉化。南海深水區主要生烴凹陷呈“C”型沿北部大陸邊緣-西部大陸邊緣-南部大陸邊緣和南沙地塊分佈，髮育10多箇麵積大、基底頂麵埋藏深度大、地層厚度大、資源潛力大的凹陷，其中部分凹陷已被證實為富生烴凹陷。南海深水區儲集體主要有大型深水扇體繫、生物礁、三角洲相砂巖等。深水區蓋層優良，多為厚層泥巖。圈閉類型有大型構造圈閉、生物礁、大型地層巖性圈閉。深水區油氣大多為晚期生排烴，晚期聚集、近源成藏，普遍具有“下生、中儲、上蓋”的優越成藏組閤。深水區油氣勘探策略是儘快優選最有利的生烴凹陷及其最優的區帶和目標，儘快髮現一批骨榦大油氣田。
중국해역심수구（수심대우300 m）침적분지주요분포재남해해역。남해경력고남해、신남해량대변연해구조선회，형성중앙양각、대륙파화대륙가。각대륙변연구유“서、북장；동、남압；남사표이”특정。심수구침적분지정배형연륙파화남사지괴분포，동부심수구분지불심발육。남해서、북부대륙변연심수구분지경력료고근기적렬곡작용화신근기적요함급신구조작용。남사지괴경력료시신세-조점신세단함、만점신세-조중신세표이화만중신세이래적제압계단。남해남부대륙변연점신세이래장기처우제압상태。남해동부대륙변연만중신세말이래처우제압조도계단，도치남해봉폐화부충대분지발육。남해심수구분지경원암발육층계다，포괄백성계、고신통、시신통、점신통、중신통，기중백성계-시신통경원암주요분포재남사지괴，점신통-중신통경원암분포재대륙파，정현중앙시대로、주연시대신적격국。경원암류형주요시해륙과도상매층、탄질니암、암색니암화해상니암，주요분지현금위열분-초열분，역사열류치경고，십분유리우침적유궤질향유기전화。남해심수구주요생경요함정“C”형연북부대륙변연-서부대륙변연-남부대륙변연화남사지괴분포，발육10다개면적대、기저정면매장심도대、지층후도대、자원잠력대적요함，기중부분요함이피증실위부생경요함。남해심수구저집체주요유대형심수선체계、생물초、삼각주상사암등。심수구개층우량，다위후층니암。권폐류형유대형구조권폐、생물초、대형지층암성권폐。심수구유기대다위만기생배경，만기취집、근원성장，보편구유“하생、중저、상개”적우월성장조합。심수구유기감탐책략시진쾌우선최유리적생경요함급기최우적구대화목표，진쾌발현일비골간대유기전。
In offshore China,deep-water sedimentary basins (water depth >300 m)are mainly distributed in South China Sea (SCS).SCS has experienced two major tectonic cycles of marginal sea (from Proto-SCS to Neo-SCS)and formed the central oceanic crust,continental slope,and continental shelf.It is characterized by extension in the northern continental margin and western continentalmargin,compression in the southern continental margin and eastern continental margin,and drifting in Nansha Block.SCS deep-wa-ter sedimentary basins are mainly distributed in a ring pattern on continental slope and Nansha Block,rarely in the eastern continen-tal margin.Basins on the western and northern margins have experienced rifting in the Eogene and depression as well as neotectonicmovement in the Neogene;Nansha Block has experienced rifting in the Eocene-Early Oligocene,drifting in the Late Oligocene-EarlyMiocene,and compression since Late Miocene;the southern margin has long been compressed since the Oligocene;and the easternmargin has been compressed since the Late Miocene,resulting in SCS closure and basin development in the subduction zone.In deep-water area (SCS),source rocks are developed in many series of strata,including the Cretaceous,Paleocene,Eocene,Oligocene,andMiocene strata;those of the Cretaceous-Eogene strata are mainly distributed in Nansha Block,and those of the Oligocene-Miocenestrata are on continental slope,showing an old-in-the-center and young-in-the-periphery pattern.The major types of source rocks aremarine-terrestrial transitional coal bed,carbonaceous mudstone,dark mudstone,and marine mudstone.The major basins are in ahot-super hot state and were even hotter in history,significantly favoring transformation of sedimentary organic matter to oil and gas.The major hydrocarbon-generating sags are distributed in a “C”pattern along the northern,western,and southern continentalmargins and Nansha Block.There are more than ten sags developed with large area,deep basement,large formation thickness,andgreat resource potential,some of which have been proven as rich hydrocarbon-generating sags.Reservoirs mainly include large-scaledeep-water fans,reefs,and deltaic sandstones.Seals have good quality and mostly are massive mudstones.Types of traps includelarge-scale structural trap,reef,and large-scale stratigraphic lithologic trap.Hydrocarbon resources are characterized by late genera-tion and expelling,late accumulation,and near-source accumulation.Excellent accumulation assemblages are commonly developedwith lower source,middle reservoir,and upper seal.The exploration strategy for SCS deep-water areas is to identify the most favor-able hydrocarbon-generating sags including their best zones and targets,and to discover a series of major oil and gas fields as fast aspossible.