CAJ | 학술논문

奶牛淘汰策略是影响养殖场效益的因素之一。本研究对从山西省三个规模化牛场获得的2011~2013年奶牛淘汰相关数据进行统计分析，结果表明，奶牛淘汰率平均在10%左右。与奶牛业发达国家相比，本研究得出的淘汰率偏低且多为被动淘汰，主动淘汰很少。对淘汰原因进行分析发现，因繁殖问题淘汰的奶牛比重（30.74%）最大，且绝大部分淘汰发生于泌乳前30d或泌乳360d后；因乳房问题淘汰的奶牛比重（16.45%）占其次，且集中发生于泌乳150~180d，即奶牛泌乳中期阶段。这些结果对为牛场饲养管理提出可行的科学建议有参考价值。
내우도태책략시영향양식장효익적인소지일。본연구대종산서성삼개규모화우장획득적2011~2013년내우도태상관수거진행통계분석，결과표명，내우도태솔평균재10%좌우。여내우업발체국가상비，본연구득출적도태솔편저차다위피동도태，주동도태흔소。대도태원인진행분석발현，인번식문제도태적내우비중（30.74%）최대，차절대부분도태발생우비유전30d혹비유360d후；인유방문제도태적내우비중（16.45%）점기차，차집중발생우비유150~180d，즉내우비유중기계단。저사결과대위우장사양관리제출가행적과학건의유삼고개치。
There are evidences indicate that culling strategy can affect a farm’s economic beneifts in dairy cattle. Data related to culling information from 2011 to 2013 in three scaled Holstein farms in Shanxi province were analyzed. Results showed that, the culling rate averages at around 10%. Compared to dairy developed countries, the culling rate from current study was low, and almost no voluntary culling was observed. Analysis of culling reasons indicated that, dairy cows culled due to reproductive problems took the largest proportion (30.74%), and most of them were eliminated before 30 days in milk or after 360 days in milk, number of dairy cows culled due to udder problems (16.45%) ranked at the second place, and most of them were culled between 150 to 180 days in milk, which should be the middle stage of a lactation. Our results may provide references to scientiifc advices for improving dairy farm management.