农业工程学报
農業工程學報
농업공정학보
2014年
18期
286-293
,共8页
梁发超%刘黎明%曲衍波%双文元
樑髮超%劉黎明%麯衍波%雙文元
량발초%류려명%곡연파%쌍문원
土地利用%区域规划%农业%景观%生态涵养发展区%新农村建设%峪口镇
土地利用%區域規劃%農業%景觀%生態涵養髮展區%新農村建設%峪口鎮
토지이용%구역규화%농업%경관%생태함양발전구%신농촌건설%욕구진
land use%regional planning%agriculture%landscape%ecological conservation development area%new countryside construction%Yukou Town
科学合理的农业景观规划方法是新农村建设体系中的一项核心技术。该研究以北京远郊生态涵养发展区峪口镇为例,在农业景观主导功能分类基础上,基于适宜性评价与实地勘踏访谈等方法,进行农业生产景观、农村聚落景观、农业服务设施景观和农业生态景观专项规划设计,然后按照“农业生态优先、农业生产次之、农业服务设施再次和农业旅游休闲景观最后”的原则,利用景观生态学的“基质--斑块--廊道”组合原理和分区权衡的方法,优化农业景观空间组合,形成研究区农业景观总体布局。研究表明,在峪口镇农业景观规划布局中,农业景观基质为粮菜生产区、经济林果生产区、农业生态保护区等,斑块为农业旅游休闲和农村聚落景观等,廊道为道路、河流、生态缓冲廊道等。该研究结果为区域美丽乡村建设提供了有力的技术手段和科学支撑。
科學閤理的農業景觀規劃方法是新農村建設體繫中的一項覈心技術。該研究以北京遠郊生態涵養髮展區峪口鎮為例,在農業景觀主導功能分類基礎上,基于適宜性評價與實地勘踏訪談等方法,進行農業生產景觀、農村聚落景觀、農業服務設施景觀和農業生態景觀專項規劃設計,然後按照“農業生態優先、農業生產次之、農業服務設施再次和農業旅遊休閒景觀最後”的原則,利用景觀生態學的“基質--斑塊--廊道”組閤原理和分區權衡的方法,優化農業景觀空間組閤,形成研究區農業景觀總體佈跼。研究錶明,在峪口鎮農業景觀規劃佈跼中,農業景觀基質為糧菜生產區、經濟林果生產區、農業生態保護區等,斑塊為農業旅遊休閒和農村聚落景觀等,廊道為道路、河流、生態緩遲廊道等。該研究結果為區域美麗鄉村建設提供瞭有力的技術手段和科學支撐。
과학합리적농업경관규화방법시신농촌건설체계중적일항핵심기술。해연구이북경원교생태함양발전구욕구진위례,재농업경관주도공능분류기출상,기우괄의성평개여실지감답방담등방법,진행농업생산경관、농촌취락경관、농업복무설시경관화농업생태경관전항규화설계,연후안조“농업생태우선、농업생산차지、농업복무설시재차화농업여유휴한경관최후”적원칙,이용경관생태학적“기질--반괴--랑도”조합원리화분구권형적방법,우화농업경관공간조합,형성연구구농업경관총체포국。연구표명,재욕구진농업경관규화포국중,농업경관기질위량채생산구、경제림과생산구、농업생태보호구등,반괴위농업여유휴한화농촌취락경관등,랑도위도로、하류、생태완충랑도등。해연구결과위구역미려향촌건설제공료유력적기술수단화과학지탱。
Scientific and rational planning methodology of agricultural landscape is a core technology of China new countryside construction systems. Scientific approach of agricultural landscape planning is directly related to scientificity, practicability and feasibility of agricultural landscape planning. However, landscape planning approach lacks in the new countryside construction of China. In order to meet the requirements of the new countryside construction, the scientific and integrated planning methodology of agricultural landscape was proposed. In this paper, the definition of agricultural landscape was determined. Agricultural landscape could be defined as mosaics of patches serving agricultural production outside the town. It includes farmland, woodland, orchard, water conservancy facilities, rural roads, rural settlements and other ecosystems. On the basis of dominant landscape functional classification and mapping, agricultural landscapes were classed into 4 classes namely agricultural production landscape, agricultural ecological landscape, agricultural service and facility landscape and rural settlement landscape. These four categoties of landscape were planned respectively, unreasonable agricultural landscape units were adjusted. Based on the natural suitability evaluation of the agricultural production landscape, the paper carried out zoning plan of agricultural production landscape. On the basis of field survey and evaluation on service facilities of the agricultural landscape, the roads landscape and the agricultural tourism and leisure landscape were specially planned. As for results of the suitability evaluation on rural settlement landscape, the rural settlement landscape was divided into different development types and then its internal structure was planned. The agro-ecological landscape was planned from the ecological protection areas, ecological corridors of rivers and ecological corridor of traffic, respectively. Taking advantage of the combination theory of ‘Matrix-Patch-Corridor’ in landscape ecology and the method of zoning tradeoff, overall layout maps of the agricultural landscape planning were made according to the basic principles of ‘agro-ecological is prior, agricultural production is the second, followed by agricultural services and facilities and agricultural tourism and leisure landscape is the last’. A case study on agricultural landscape planning was carried out in Yukou town of the ecological conservation development area of Pinggu District, Beijing. Agricultural landscape matrix in agricultural landscape layout plan of Yukou Town wa Agricultural production landscape areas, economic fruit production areas, and agro-ecological protection areas and so on. The patch was the agricultural agro-tourism area and rural settlement landscape area. The corridor was roads, rivers, ecological buffer areas, etc. By using GIS, the overall layout maps of agricultural landscape planning of Yukou town were drawn. Research showed that the function zones of the agricultural landscape layout plan were explicitly and definitely designed at both spatial and temporal scale in the case study area. During the planning and implementation process, the new countryside could be constructed according to comprehensive layout of agriculture landscape planning. The results could provide theoretical support and technical means for the agricultural landscape planning in the beautiful countryside construction.