CAJ | 학술논문

科学合理的农业景观规划方法是新农村建设体系中的一项核心技术。该研究以北京远郊生态涵养发展区峪口镇为例，在农业景观主导功能分类基础上，基于适宜性评价与实地勘踏访谈等方法，进行农业生产景观、农村聚落景观、农业服务设施景观和农业生态景观专项规划设计，然后按照“农业生态优先、农业生产次之、农业服务设施再次和农业旅游休闲景观最后”的原则，利用景观生态学的“基质--斑块--廊道”组合原理和分区权衡的方法，优化农业景观空间组合，形成研究区农业景观总体布局。研究表明，在峪口镇农业景观规划布局中，农业景观基质为粮菜生产区、经济林果生产区、农业生态保护区等，斑块为农业旅游休闲和农村聚落景观等，廊道为道路、河流、生态缓冲廊道等。该研究结果为区域美丽乡村建设提供了有力的技术手段和科学支撑。
과학합리적농업경관규화방법시신농촌건설체계중적일항핵심기술。해연구이북경원교생태함양발전구욕구진위례，재농업경관주도공능분류기출상，기우괄의성평개여실지감답방담등방법，진행농업생산경관、농촌취락경관、농업복무설시경관화농업생태경관전항규화설계，연후안조“농업생태우선、농업생산차지、농업복무설시재차화농업여유휴한경관최후”적원칙，이용경관생태학적“기질--반괴--랑도”조합원리화분구권형적방법，우화농업경관공간조합，형성연구구농업경관총체포국。연구표명，재욕구진농업경관규화포국중，농업경관기질위량채생산구、경제림과생산구、농업생태보호구등，반괴위농업여유휴한화농촌취락경관등，랑도위도로、하류、생태완충랑도등。해연구결과위구역미려향촌건설제공료유력적기술수단화과학지탱。
Scientific and rational planning methodology of agricultural landscape is a core technology of China new countryside construction systems. Scientific approach of agricultural landscape planning is directly related to scientificity, practicability and feasibility of agricultural landscape planning. However, landscape planning approach lacks in the new countryside construction of China. In order to meet the requirements of the new countryside construction, the scientific and integrated planning methodology of agricultural landscape was proposed. In this paper, the definition of agricultural landscape was determined. Agricultural landscape could be defined as mosaics of patches serving agricultural production outside the town. It includes farmland, woodland, orchard, water conservancy facilities, rural roads, rural settlements and other ecosystems. On the basis of dominant landscape functional classification and mapping, agricultural landscapes were classed into 4 classes namely agricultural production landscape, agricultural ecological landscape, agricultural service and facility landscape and rural settlement landscape. These four categoties of landscape were planned respectively, unreasonable agricultural landscape units were adjusted. Based on the natural suitability evaluation of the agricultural production landscape, the paper carried out zoning plan of agricultural production landscape. On the basis of field survey and evaluation on service facilities of the agricultural landscape, the roads landscape and the agricultural tourism and leisure landscape were specially planned. As for results of the suitability evaluation on rural settlement landscape, the rural settlement landscape was divided into different development types and then its internal structure was planned. The agro-ecological landscape was planned from the ecological protection areas, ecological corridors of rivers and ecological corridor of traffic, respectively. Taking advantage of the combination theory of ‘Matrix-Patch-Corridor’ in landscape ecology and the method of zoning tradeoff, overall layout maps of the agricultural landscape planning were made according to the basic principles of ‘agro-ecological is prior, agricultural production is the second, followed by agricultural services and facilities and agricultural tourism and leisure landscape is the last’. A case study on agricultural landscape planning was carried out in Yukou town of the ecological conservation development area of Pinggu District, Beijing. Agricultural landscape matrix in agricultural landscape layout plan of Yukou Town wa Agricultural production landscape areas, economic fruit production areas, and agro-ecological protection areas and so on. The patch was the agricultural agro-tourism area and rural settlement landscape area. The corridor was roads, rivers, ecological buffer areas, etc. By using GIS, the overall layout maps of agricultural landscape planning of Yukou town were drawn. Research showed that the function zones of the agricultural landscape layout plan were explicitly and definitely designed at both spatial and temporal scale in the case study area. During the planning and implementation process, the new countryside could be constructed according to comprehensive layout of agriculture landscape planning. The results could provide theoretical support and technical means for the agricultural landscape planning in the beautiful countryside construction.