CAJ | 학술논문

为探讨西南山区采煤塌陷对水田土壤物理性质的影响及受损水田复垦途径，通过野外试验与室内测定方法分析了水田受损前后土壤物理性质的变化，结果表明：1）0～40 cm受损水田土壤容重显著增加，含水率、孔隙度（0～20 cm旱地1、2除外）显著下降；0～60 cm土壤垂直剖面除含水量干化趋同外，构型及演替规律未发生变化；2）水田受损后黏粒含量与成土母质密切相关：0～20 cm土层中＜0.005 mm黏粒含量高低呈现旱地3（泥页岩风化物）＞旱地1（泥页岩+灰岩风化物）＞旱地2（泥页岩+灰岩+砂岩风化物）变化，水耕历史较长、受损漏失严重的水田土壤黏粒（＜0.005 mm）质量分数均值分布自上而下累积增加；3）试验点土壤剖面构型、成土母质是造成渗透流量和渗透速度随累计时间增加呈减小趋势和波动与趋稳现象的主要原因，采煤塌陷并未对土壤包气带层渗水性产生严重影响；4）根据试验数据分析结果，研究区受损水田复垦可优先选择泥页岩、灰岩风化物沉积区、水耕历史较长、渗透系数小于3 m/d的沟谷区进行。该研究可为研究区采煤塌陷对水田土壤物理性质的影响提供系统诊断依据，并为受损水田复垦提供有效途径。
위탐토서남산구채매탑함대수전토양물이성질적영향급수손수전복은도경，통과야외시험여실내측정방법분석료수전수손전후토양물이성질적변화，결과표명：1）0～40 cm수손수전토양용중현저증가，함수솔、공극도（0～20 cm한지1、2제외）현저하강；0～60 cm토양수직부면제함수량간화추동외，구형급연체규률미발생변화；2）수전수손후점립함량여성토모질밀절상관：0～20 cm토층중＜0.005 mm점립함량고저정현한지3（니혈암풍화물）＞한지1（니혈암+회암풍화물）＞한지2（니혈암+회암+사암풍화물）변화，수경역사교장、수손루실엄중적수전토양점립（＜0.005 mm）질량분수균치분포자상이하루적증가；3）시험점토양부면구형、성토모질시조성삼투류량화삼투속도수루계시간증가정감소추세화파동여추은현상적주요원인，채매탑함병미대토양포기대층삼수성산생엄중영향；4）근거시험수거분석결과，연구구수손수전복은가우선선택니혈암、회암풍화물침적구、수경역사교장、삼투계수소우3 m/d적구곡구진행。해연구가위연구구채매탑함대수전토양물이성질적영향제공계통진단의거，병위수손수전복은제공유효도경。
Frequent and intense mining activity is the main cause of rice field conversion into dry land in the coal mining subsidence area in mountain region of southwest China. Study on causes, mechanisms and reclamation of rice field damage plays an important role in ensuring sustainable agriculture and food security in the study area. In order to understand the impact of coal mining subsidence on soil physical characteristic and develop reasonable land reclamation strategy, field test and laboratory analysis of controlled trials were conducted in mountain region of southwest China, and the soil bulk density, water content, porosity, mechanical composition, seepage discharge, seepage velocity and permeability coefficient were analyzed. The soil physical characteristic changes of rice field before and after damage were analyzed by drying method using cutting ring, hydrometer and the soil permeability test. The causes and mechanisms of water shortage of destroyed rice field were also explored. The results showed that: 1) In 0-40 cm soil layer, dry land soil bulk density increased compared with the control rice fields, while water content and porosity (excepted for dry land 1 and 2 in 0-20 cm soil layers) decreased obviously. Vertical soil profile structure and succession laws didn't change in 0-60 cm soil layer except the similar trend of soil water content losses in different soil layers; 2) Clay content of destroyed rice field was closely associated with parent material. Variation of clay content (<0.005 mm) in 0-40 cm soil layer were presented as follow dry land 3 (shale efflorescence) > dry land 1 (limestone and shale efflorescence) > dry land 2 (limestone, sandstone and shale efflorescence). The eluviation and illuviation effect became weaker in 20-40 cm soil depth after the conversion from destroyed rice field to dry land. Meanwhile, it was strong for hydroponic paddy soil of a long history, huge leakage and mean clay (<0.005 mm) mass fraction of rice field soil after damage increased cumulatively from top to bottom, while the hydroponic rice field of short history and weak leakage showed an opposite trend; 3) Soil profile configuration and parent material in experimental sites were the main reason of the decreasing trend of seepage discharge and seepage velocity, and the initial fluctuations and post-stabilization with accumulated time. Mining subsidence didn’t have a serious impact on water permeability in soil vadose zone; 4) Coal mining subsidence didn’t affect the soil physical characteristics of typical rice field in research area, the mechanism for water loss in destroyed rice field may be related to changing hydrogeological factors between soil layer and basement strata. Moreover, taking land use pattern, parent materials and permeability of reclaimed soil into consideration, the destroyed rice fields with permeability coefficient were less than 3 m/d, areas with a long time of hydroponic history, and being located on the weathered shale and limestone zone were recommended to give preference to reclamation in the research area.