CAJ | 학술논문

我国非农部门的收益远远高于农业部门,农户小规模经营难以致富。国家出台引导劳动力流动和土地流转政策后,大量劳动力流转到非农部门,土地并未发生大量流转,农业生产率也持续增长。原因是农户按综合收入最大化经营目标配置不同质的劳动力,导致农业中节约劳动和与小规模土地相适应的技术与制度变迁,促进了农业要素的替代性和可分性特征形成。只要能够实现与土地小规模经营相宜的技术变革,农户的土地生产率和劳动生产率不是必然低于规模经营。农业规模经营的实现,必须提高农村居民的就业技能,使之进入稳定和高收入的就业领域;通过技术创新和制度创新,能够使农业规模经营取得更高的生产率。
아국비농부문적수익원원고우농업부문,농호소규모경영난이치부。국가출태인도노동력류동화토지류전정책후,대량노동력류전도비농부문,토지병미발생대량류전,농업생산솔야지속증장。원인시농호안종합수입최대화경영목표배치불동질적노동력,도치농업중절약노동화여소규모토지상괄응적기술여제도변천,촉진료농업요소적체대성화가분성특정형성。지요능구실현여토지소규모경영상의적기술변혁,농호적토지생산솔화노동생산솔불시필연저우규모경영。농업규모경영적실현,필수제고농촌거민적취업기능,사지진입은정화고수입적취업영역;통과기술창신화제도창신,능구사농업규모경영취득경고적생산솔。
The non-agricultural department income is much higher than that of the department of agriculture in China,and small-scale farmers are insufficient to keep their livelihood.Although there are a series of policies of guiding labor mobility and farmland circulation,farmland has not been happened general circulation,and agricultural productivity has been grown,with a large circulation of labor to non-agricultural section.The reason is that farmers allocate their labor to different sections based on comprehensive income maximization;therefore,it is happened that the agricultural technology and system transitions adapting themselves to save labor and matching themselves to small-scale farmland,which promotes the alternative and the separability of factors in agriculture.Farmers' land productivity and the labor productivity are not necessarily less than those of scale operators,as long as it can be changed that technological transition matched to small-scale farmland.Development of general scale operation still has to depend on improving farmer' s employment skills,on helping them into stability and high income sections;higher productivity of scale operation will appear with technical innovation and system innovation.