CAJ | 학술논문

甘蔗多年单一化的宿根栽培导致甘蔗产量下降，而套种豆科作物能较明显地提高宿根蔗产量。本研究以“赣蔗18”的新植栽培、宿根栽培和宿根/大豆套种栽培的甘蔗根际土壤为对象，结合土壤微生物区系、土壤酶活性，甘蔗基本农艺性状及其产量、质量指标，揭示宿根蔗套种大豆的增产机制及生物学意义。结果表明，不同种植模式下甘蔗蔗糖含量基本一致，但宿根蔗套种大豆由于茎径粗大而较宿根连作表现出明显的产量优势。不同栽培模式下甘蔗根际土壤酶活性有显著差异，套种明显提高了宿根蔗根际土壤酶活性，尤其是与碳、氮、磷循环相关的蔗糖酶、脲酶、酸性磷酸单酯酶。不同栽培模式下甘蔗根际土壤微生物总量有显著性差异，单一宿根连作甘蔗根际土壤微生物总量和细菌/真菌比例降低，而宿根蔗套种大豆根际土壤微生物总量和细菌/真菌比例提高，使甘蔗根际土壤微生物从“真菌型”向“细菌型”转变。总之，单一的宿根连作可导致根际土壤总微生物量及酶活性下降，引起土壤微生物介导的营养循环受阻，从而使甘蔗产量下降，而宿根蔗套种大豆模式对根际土壤微生物区系具有明显的改善作用，宿根蔗具有明显的产量优势。
감자다년단일화적숙근재배도치감자산량하강，이투충두과작물능교명현지제고숙근자산량。본연구이“공자18”적신식재배、숙근재배화숙근/대두투충재배적감자근제토양위대상，결합토양미생물구계、토양매활성，감자기본농예성상급기산량、질량지표，게시숙근자투충대두적증산궤제급생물학의의。결과표명，불동충식모식하감자자당함량기본일치，단숙근자투충대두유우경경조대이교숙근련작표현출명현적산량우세。불동재배모식하감자근제토양매활성유현저차이，투충명현제고료숙근자근제토양매활성，우기시여탄、담、린순배상관적자당매、뇨매、산성린산단지매。불동재배모식하감자근제토양미생물총량유현저성차이，단일숙근련작감자근제토양미생물총량화세균/진균비례강저，이숙근자투충대두근제토양미생물총량화세균/진균비례제고，사감자근제토양미생물종“진균형”향“세균형”전변。총지，단일적숙근련작가도치근제토양총미생물량급매활성하강，인기토양미생물개도적영양순배수조，종이사감자산량하강，이숙근자투충대두모식대근제토양미생물구계구유명현적개선작용，숙근자구유명현적산량우세。
Ratooning cane monoculture leads to yield decline , but ratooning cane intercropped with legume crops increases the yields .The rhizosphere soils of “Ganzhe 18” newly planted sugarcane , ratooning sugarcane and its intercropping with soybean were used to study the alteration of the microflora and soil enzyme activities , and as well as some agronomic traits indexes .The sugar contents of the canes show no significant difference in different cultivation modes .However , owing to the larger diameter of ratooning cane , the ratooning cane intercropped with soybean has high yield .Furthermore , the soil enzyme activities in the rhizosphere soils under different cultivation modes are significantly different .The intercropping practice increases the enzyme activities , especially the activities of three soil enzymes involved in the cycles of carbon , nitrogen, and phosphorus , i.e., invertase, urease and phosphomonoesterase .The microbial biomass and the ratio of bacteria/fungi are decreased under the ratooning cane monoculture mode but recovered under the intercropping ratooning cane with soybean , suggesting a shift from fungal type to bacterial type in the compositions of microbial communities between two systems .The ratooning practice declines the total microbial biomass and the soil enzyme activities , suggesting that the nutrient cycles mediated by microbes in ratooning cane soil are blocked and thus decreased the yield of sugarcane , whereas, the intercropping mode has a significant improvement on soil microflora , which increases the yield of sugarcane .