CAJ | 학술논문

通过盆栽试验，研究了不同氮肥水平下“薄、浅、湿、晒”灌溉对水稻拔节期、孕穗期和乳熟期土壤微生物量碳（ MBC）、微生物量氮（ MBN）、硝化细菌和反硝化细菌数量和酶活性的影响，以探讨该灌溉方式下土壤微生物活性变化规律。试验设2种灌水方式，即常规灌溉（CIR）和“薄、浅、湿、晒”灌溉（TIR）；3种氮肥水平，即低氮（N 0.10 g/kg）、中氮（ N 0.15 g/kg）和高氮（ N 0.2 g/kg）。结果表明，与CIR处理相比，TIR处理土壤MBC增加13％240％，而土壤MBN减少6.5％47.3％；高氮水平时3个时期TIR处理土壤硝化细菌有所增加，反硝化细菌拔节期和孕穗期降低12.1％61.2％，而乳熟期增加0.73.0倍；中、低氮水平时孕穗期TIR处理土壤硝酸还原酶活性分别降低63.8％和43.3％。与低氮水平相比，中氮水平可以增加土壤MBC、MBN、硝化细菌和反硝化细菌数量以及过氧化氢酶、脲酶和转化酶活性，而高氮水平则降低土壤MBN，以及过氧化氢酶、脲酶和硝酸还原酶活性。可见，中等氮肥水平下“薄、浅、湿、晒”灌溉方式能有效提高稻田土壤微生物量碳和过氧化氢酶、脲酶、转化酶活性。
통과분재시험，연구료불동담비수평하“박、천、습、쇄”관개대수도발절기、잉수기화유숙기토양미생물량탄（ MBC）、미생물량담（ MBN）、초화세균화반초화세균수량화매활성적영향，이탐토해관개방식하토양미생물활성변화규률。시험설2충관수방식，즉상규관개（CIR）화“박、천、습、쇄”관개（TIR）；3충담비수평，즉저담（N 0.10 g/kg）、중담（ N 0.15 g/kg）화고담（ N 0.2 g/kg）。결과표명，여CIR처리상비，TIR처리토양MBC증가13％240％，이토양MBN감소6.5％47.3％；고담수평시3개시기TIR처리토양초화세균유소증가，반초화세균발절기화잉수기강저12.1％61.2％，이유숙기증가0.73.0배；중、저담수평시잉수기TIR처리토양초산환원매활성분별강저63.8％화43.3％。여저담수평상비，중담수평가이증가토양MBC、MBN、초화세균화반초화세균수량이급과양화경매、뇨매화전화매활성，이고담수평칙강저토양MBN，이급과양화경매、뇨매화초산환원매활성。가견，중등담비수평하“박、천、습、쇄”관개방식능유효제고도전토양미생물량탄화과양화경매、뇨매、전화매활성。
A pot experiment was carried out to study effects of the “thin-shallow-wet-dry” irrigation method on microbial biomass carbon ( MBC ) , microbial biomass nitrogen ( MBN ) , the numbers of nitrification bacteria and denitrification bacteria and enzyme activities in soils at the jointing , booting and milky stages of rice under different nitrogen( N) levels, and to explore variation of soil microbe activities under the irrigation method .There were two irrigation methods , conventional irrigation ( CIR) and “thin-shallow-wet-dry” irrigation( TIR) , and three N levels , low N(0.10 g/kg soil), middle N(0.15 g/kg soil) and high N(0.2 g/kg soil).Compared to the CIR treatments, the TIR treatments increase soil MBC by 13%-240%, and decrease soil MBN by 6.5%-47.3%.At the high N level, the TIR treatment increases the number of soil nitrification bacteria at three growth stages slightly , and increases the number of soil denitrification bacteria by 0.7 to 3 times at the milky stage and decreases the number of soil denitrification bacteria by 12.1%to 61.2%at the jointing and booting stages .At the low and middle N levels , the TIR treatments reduce the activity of soil nitrate reductase by 63.8%and 43.3% at the booting stage .Under the same irrigation method , compared to the low N level , the middle N level increases soil MBC and MBN , the numbers of nitrification bacteria and denitrification bacteria , and the activities of catalase , urease and invertase , while the high N level reduces soil MBN and the activities of catalase , urease and nitrate reductase .Thus TIR can effectively improve microbial biomass carbon and the activities of catalase , urease and invertase under the middle N level.