CAJ | 학술논문

西北地区是我国典型的旱地低锌区。本文选择黄土高原中部两个典型地点，通过田间试验，在两个施氮水平下，研究了不施锌、土施锌、叶喷锌和土施＋叶喷锌4种方式对冬小麦产量、锌的吸收和累积以及锌肥利用效率的影响。结果表明，不同施锌方式对小麦产量均无显著影响，但均提高了小麦子粒锌含量，提高幅度因施锌方式而异。与不施锌相比，叶喷和土施＋叶喷锌肥可使小麦子粒锌含量提高40％左右，平均达到40 mg/kg；单独土施锌肥虽使土壤有效锌提高3倍左右，但子粒锌含量无显著变化。叶喷锌肥的锌利用效率远高于土施和土施＋叶喷处理，每公顷喷施1 kg锌可使小麦子粒锌含量提高6.7013.04 mg/kg；子粒锌利用率为6.02％9.40％，达到土施锌肥的80倍左右；总锌利用率为19.78％30.91％，是土施锌肥的132221倍。施氮水平对小麦产量及锌肥利用效率均无显著影响。可见，在旱地低锌区，与土施锌相比，叶喷是更加经济有效、环境友好的锌肥施用方式，是提高小麦锌营养品质切实可行的措施。
서북지구시아국전형적한지저자구。본문선택황토고원중부량개전형지점，통과전간시험，재량개시담수평하，연구료불시자、토시자、협분자화토시＋협분자4충방식대동소맥산량、자적흡수화루적이급자비이용효솔적영향。결과표명，불동시자방식대소맥산량균무현저영향，단균제고료소맥자립자함량，제고폭도인시자방식이이。여불시자상비，협분화토시＋협분자비가사소맥자립자함량제고40％좌우，평균체도40 mg/kg；단독토시자비수사토양유효자제고3배좌우，단자립자함량무현저변화。협분자비적자이용효솔원고우토시화토시＋협분처리，매공경분시1 kg자가사소맥자립자함량제고6.7013.04 mg/kg；자립자이용솔위6.02％9.40％，체도토시자비적80배좌우；총자이용솔위19.78％30.91％，시토시자비적132221배。시담수평대소맥산량급자비이용효솔균무현저영향。가견，재한지저자구，여토시자상비，협분시경가경제유효、배경우호적자비시용방식，시제고소맥자영양품질절실가행적조시。
Soil Zn deficiency and drought are serious stress factors limiting the Zn nutrition of crops in northwest China .Field experiments were conducted to study the effects of soil application , foliar application and soil +foliar application of Zn on yield , Zn contents and accumulation in grain , and Zn use efficiency of winter wheat grown under two N rates at two locations in the middle part of Loess Plateau .Results show that Zn application does not increase the grain yield of winter wheat , but can increase the grain Zn contents .The increases are varied with the Zn application methods , the grain Zn contents are increased by about 40%, up to 40 mg/kg for foliar application and soil+foliar application , not significant with soil application , although the soil DTPA -Zn is triply increased . Zinc use efficiency of the foliar applied Zn is higher than those of the soil and soil +foliar applied Zn .Each one kg/ha foliar applied Zn is observed to be able to increase the grain Zn content by 6.70-13.04 mg/kg.The grain Zn utilization and total Zn utilization efficiency are respectively 6.02%-9.40%and 19.78%-30.91%for the foliar applied Zn , which are correspondingly 80 and 132-221 times more than those for the soil applied Zn .Nitrogen rates have no effect on the yield and Zn utilization .Therefore, the foliar application of Zn is more cost-effective and environmental friendly than the soil application , and is one of the important practices to improve grain Zn concentration on Zn-deficient soils in dryland areas of northwestern China .