植物营养与肥料学报
植物營養與肥料學報
식물영양여비료학보
PLANT NUTRITION AND FERTILIZER SCIENCE
2013年
6期
1312-1320
,共9页
蔡金华%陈爱大%温明星%李东升%曲朝喜
蔡金華%陳愛大%溫明星%李東升%麯朝喜
채금화%진애대%온명성%리동승%곡조희
小麦%氮肥%种植密度%产量%品质
小麥%氮肥%種植密度%產量%品質
소맥%담비%충식밀도%산량%품질
wheat%nitrogen fertilizer%planting denisty%yield%quality
为了探明小麦产量与品质协同提高的最佳施氮量和种植密度,制定合理的栽培措施,为实现高产优质提供理论依据,本试验以高产红皮强筋小麦品种镇麦168为试材,在大田条件下设3个施氮水平( N 240、300、360 kg/hm2)和5个种植密度(135×104、180×104、225×104、270×104、330×104 seedlings/hm2),研究了施氮量和种植密度对镇麦168子粒产量与品质的影响。结果表明,施氮量和种植密度均显著影响镇麦168的产量及其产量构成因素。镇麦168的子粒产量随施氮量和种植密度的增加而增加,但施氮水平为N 300和360 kg/hm2的处理间子粒产量差异不显著;当种植密度为270×104 seedlings/hm2时,镇麦168的子粒产量最高。穗数随施氮量和种植密度的增加而增加,穗粒数和千粒重则随种植密度的增加而逐渐降低,施氮量对穗粒数和千粒重的影响不显著。增施氮肥可显著提高镇麦168子粒蛋白质和湿面筋含量并改善面团流变学特性,增加种植密度有降低湿面筋含量和弱化度的趋势,种植密度对子粒蛋白质含量,面团吸水率、形成时间和稳定时间的影响不显著。在本试验条件下,实现镇麦168高产与优质的适宜施氮量为N 300 kg/hm2,种植密度为270×104 seedlings/hm2。
為瞭探明小麥產量與品質協同提高的最佳施氮量和種植密度,製定閤理的栽培措施,為實現高產優質提供理論依據,本試驗以高產紅皮彊觔小麥品種鎮麥168為試材,在大田條件下設3箇施氮水平( N 240、300、360 kg/hm2)和5箇種植密度(135×104、180×104、225×104、270×104、330×104 seedlings/hm2),研究瞭施氮量和種植密度對鎮麥168子粒產量與品質的影響。結果錶明,施氮量和種植密度均顯著影響鎮麥168的產量及其產量構成因素。鎮麥168的子粒產量隨施氮量和種植密度的增加而增加,但施氮水平為N 300和360 kg/hm2的處理間子粒產量差異不顯著;噹種植密度為270×104 seedlings/hm2時,鎮麥168的子粒產量最高。穗數隨施氮量和種植密度的增加而增加,穗粒數和韆粒重則隨種植密度的增加而逐漸降低,施氮量對穗粒數和韆粒重的影響不顯著。增施氮肥可顯著提高鎮麥168子粒蛋白質和濕麵觔含量併改善麵糰流變學特性,增加種植密度有降低濕麵觔含量和弱化度的趨勢,種植密度對子粒蛋白質含量,麵糰吸水率、形成時間和穩定時間的影響不顯著。在本試驗條件下,實現鎮麥168高產與優質的適宜施氮量為N 300 kg/hm2,種植密度為270×104 seedlings/hm2。
위료탐명소맥산량여품질협동제고적최가시담량화충식밀도,제정합리적재배조시,위실현고산우질제공이론의거,본시험이고산홍피강근소맥품충진맥168위시재,재대전조건하설3개시담수평( N 240、300、360 kg/hm2)화5개충식밀도(135×104、180×104、225×104、270×104、330×104 seedlings/hm2),연구료시담량화충식밀도대진맥168자립산량여품질적영향。결과표명,시담량화충식밀도균현저영향진맥168적산량급기산량구성인소。진맥168적자립산량수시담량화충식밀도적증가이증가,단시담수평위N 300화360 kg/hm2적처리간자립산량차이불현저;당충식밀도위270×104 seedlings/hm2시,진맥168적자립산량최고。수수수시담량화충식밀도적증가이증가,수립수화천립중칙수충식밀도적증가이축점강저,시담량대수립수화천립중적영향불현저。증시담비가현저제고진맥168자립단백질화습면근함량병개선면단류변학특성,증가충식밀도유강저습면근함량화약화도적추세,충식밀도대자립단백질함량,면단흡수솔、형성시간화은정시간적영향불현저。재본시험조건하,실현진맥168고산여우질적괄의시담량위N 300 kg/hm2,충식밀도위270×104 seedlings/hm2。
In order to verify the optimum nitrogen application rate and planting denisty for high yield and better quality in wheat production , and provide basis for establishment of rational cultivation management , a wheat cultivar, Zhenmai 168 with red seed coat and strong gluten was used as experiment material .The experiment was conducted to study the effect of nitrogen application rate ( N 240, 300 and 360 kg/ha) and planting denisty (135 × 104 , 180 ×104 , 225 ×104 , 270 ×104 and 330 ×104 seedlings/ha) on grain yield, yield components and grain quality of Zhenmai 168 in the years of 2011-2012.The results indicate that the nitrogen level and planting denisty show significant effects on grain yield and yield components .The grain yield is increased with the increase of N level and planting denisty , however , there is no significant difference between N 300 and 360 kg/ha on grain yield . The plant density for the highest grain yield is 270 ×104 seedlings/ha.Increasing N level and planting denisty significantly increase the number of spikes per unit .The effect of the N level on grains per spike and thousand grain weight is not obvious , however , grains per spike and thousand grain weight are decreased with the increase of planting denisty .Increasing the level of N significantly increases grain protein and wet gluten content , and improves the dough rheological properties .Increasing planting denisty decreases wet gluten content and dough softening degree , however , planting denisty does not result in a significant change in grain protein content , dough water absorption , development time and stability time .In this study , as far as the grain yield and quality factors are concerned , the optimal nitrogen application rate and planting denisty for Zhenmai 168 are N 300 kg/ha and 270 ×104 seedlings/ha, respectively .