CAJ | 학술논문

近四十年来，我国水产养殖业取得了长足的发展，并成为大农业中发展最快的产业之一。苗种是水产增养殖产业的源头和必要的物质基础，种质苗种是水产养殖业的核心问题。回顾了我国年轻的水产种业发展历程：最早期的养殖苗种来自于野生种群，及到人类驯化了亲本鱼，在人工条件下成功实施繁育，开始规模化育苗，才有了真正意义上的苗种产业；而良种的引入可以加快新产业形成。人工育种是在某一物种业已形成大规模人工繁育的基础上，特别是可以实现全人工繁殖的条件下，按照人们的意愿和方向开展的代代相继、不断选优的选育实践。20世纪90年代以来，我国水产特别是海洋水产种业受到重视，走向良性发展，取得了引人注目的进展。评述了国内外现代水产种业科技的发展趋势，预言科技创新定会大大促进水产种业的快速发展。
근사십년래，아국수산양식업취득료장족적발전，병성위대농업중발전최쾌적산업지일。묘충시수산증양식산업적원두화필요적물질기출，충질묘충시수산양식업적핵심문제。회고료아국년경적수산충업발전역정：최조기적양식묘충래자우야생충군，급도인류순화료친본어，재인공조건하성공실시번육，개시규모화육묘，재유료진정의의상적묘충산업；이량충적인입가이가쾌신산업형성。인공육충시재모일물충업이형성대규모인공번육적기출상，특별시가이실현전인공번식적조건하，안조인문적의원화방향개전적대대상계、불단선우적선육실천。20세기90년대이래，아국수산특별시해양수산충업수도중시，주향량성발전，취득료인인주목적진전。평술료국내외현대수산충업과기적발전추세，예언과기창신정회대대촉진수산충업적쾌속발전。
Over the last 4 decades, the aquaculture in China has made significant progress, and is becoming one of industries developed fast in among broad-sense agriculture. Since seed production is the source and essential material basis for aquaculture, it is proved to be the core issue of aquaculture industry. This paper reviewed the development process of young seed industry in aquaculture of China. The initiate seeds for cultivation came from wild population undoubtedly;the true seed industry did not appear until the success of domestication for parent fish, breeding under artificial conditions and seeding in large scale. The introduction of good foreign seeds can accelerate the formation of new industry. Artificial breeding is a continuous breeding practice, which is based on the formulation of a certain seed industry with large scale artificial breeding, especially under the condition of complete artificial propagation, and carries out seed selection by successive generations according to the willingness and direction of the people. Since the 1990's, the aquaculture in China has attracted considerable attention and moved towards a healthy development particularly in mariculture. The paper also commented on the trends of related technology in modern aquaculture seed industry, and predicted that technological innovation would dramatically promote the development of aquaculture seed industry.