技术经济与管理研究
技術經濟與管理研究
기술경제여관리연구
TECHNOECONOMICS & MANAGEMENT RESEARCH
2014年
5期
59-69
,共11页
碳排放权%产出标准法%竞价法%祖父继承法%企业损益
碳排放權%產齣標準法%競價法%祖父繼承法%企業損益
탄배방권%산출표준법%경개법%조부계승법%기업손익
Tradable carbon permits%Initial distribution%Grandfathering auction%General performance standard%Cost and earning
文章基于企业，重点分析了祖父继承法(Grandfathering)、竞价法(Auction)和产出标准法(General Performance Standard)三种普遍认同的碳排放权初始分配方式下企业的成本收益结构。在计划管理机制内，产品价格受管制，企业的首要目的是保持盈亏平衡。由于缺少竞争压力的企业缺乏发展低碳、清洁能源等技术的动力，管理者应当以竞价法拍卖初始排放权，并根据企业的减排和竞拍成本适当调整产品价格，同时将拍卖收入有效的投入碳捕获、清洁能源、环境保护以及改善生活环境等领域，使其效益最大化。在市场管理机制内，企业可以利用成本转嫁机制将排放权获取成本转移给消费者。产品需求价格弹性、边际产出的碳损失、碳排放权的价格供给弹性、煤的价格需求弹性（即燃料成本波动）等因素共同影响着企业参与碳减排体系的效益。文章最后对我国燃煤发电行业建立碳排放权的交易体系提出对策建议。
文章基于企業，重點分析瞭祖父繼承法(Grandfathering)、競價法(Auction)和產齣標準法(General Performance Standard)三種普遍認同的碳排放權初始分配方式下企業的成本收益結構。在計劃管理機製內，產品價格受管製，企業的首要目的是保持盈虧平衡。由于缺少競爭壓力的企業缺乏髮展低碳、清潔能源等技術的動力，管理者應噹以競價法拍賣初始排放權，併根據企業的減排和競拍成本適噹調整產品價格，同時將拍賣收入有效的投入碳捕穫、清潔能源、環境保護以及改善生活環境等領域，使其效益最大化。在市場管理機製內，企業可以利用成本轉嫁機製將排放權穫取成本轉移給消費者。產品需求價格彈性、邊際產齣的碳損失、碳排放權的價格供給彈性、煤的價格需求彈性（即燃料成本波動）等因素共同影響著企業參與碳減排體繫的效益。文章最後對我國燃煤髮電行業建立碳排放權的交易體繫提齣對策建議。
문장기우기업，중점분석료조부계승법(Grandfathering)、경개법(Auction)화산출표준법(General Performance Standard)삼충보편인동적탄배방권초시분배방식하기업적성본수익결구。재계화관리궤제내，산품개격수관제，기업적수요목적시보지영우평형。유우결소경쟁압력적기업결핍발전저탄、청길능원등기술적동력，관리자응당이경개법박매초시배방권，병근거기업적감배화경박성본괄당조정산품개격，동시장박매수입유효적투입탄포획、청길능원、배경보호이급개선생활배경등영역，사기효익최대화。재시장관리궤제내，기업가이이용성본전가궤제장배방권획취성본전이급소비자。산품수구개격탄성、변제산출적탄손실、탄배방권적개격공급탄성、매적개격수구탄성（즉연료성본파동）등인소공동영향착기업삼여탄감배체계적효익。문장최후대아국연매발전행업건립탄배방권적교역체계제출대책건의。
This article theoretically analyses on the impact of three initial distribution methods of tradable carbon permits over involved firms, including the terms of cost and earning, best product price, net carbon income of each marginal product and firm's added value. The three methods studied here are grandfathering, auction and general performance standard. Under the system of perfectly competitive market, the price of products fluctuates freely and enterprises confirm the premium price and maximum profit of their products. Factors like marginal output of the carbon gains and losses, fluctuation in fuel cost, price elasticity of product market, the initial acquisition cost of tradable carbon permits and the net profit of the carbon market co-determine the maximum profit of enterprises. According to the features of the three initial distribution methods, auction, undoubtedly, is the one which brings maximum losses to enterprises, while, general performance standard can best realize optimization for industry and enterprises, and grandfathering gives equal treatment to all enterprises which have no extra burden or obvious subsidies.
