CAJ | 학술논문

明中叶后,美洲的玉米与甘薯越过大洋,先后来到中国安家落户,也走进皖西淮河、长江支流的一处处谷地和上游大别山区的高山腹地。玉米和甘薯是比较典型的旱粮作物,它们不太苛刻的种植条件带来了两种作物的极度扩张,从而为中国人的食物结构加进了新元素,从根本上改变了种植地民众食物不足的困境,尤其是解决了山区越冬食物不足和春荒的困难。但何炳棣＂整体史学＂的思维告诉我们,玉米和甘薯的引种,也带来了人口的激增;涌向山地的农民由于缺乏山地耕作的经验,又造成了水土流失和环境危急的日益严重。当然,只要能采取波伦式谨慎选择的态度,玉米和甘薯基本上是个好东西。历史的启示是,人类与自然之间只能走一条＂共同进化＂的路。
명중협후,미주적옥미여감서월과대양,선후래도중국안가락호,야주진환서회하、장강지류적일처처곡지화상유대별산구적고산복지。옥미화감서시비교전형적한량작물,타문불태가각적충식조건대래료량충작물적겁도확장,종이위중국인적식물결구가진료신원소,종근본상개변료충식지민음식물불족적곤경,우기시해결료산구월동식물불족화춘황적곤난。단하병체＂정체사학＂적사유고소아문,옥미화감서적인충,야대래료인구적격증;용향산지적농민유우결핍산지경작적경험,우조성료수토류실화배경위급적일익엄중。당연,지요능채취파륜식근신선택적태도,옥미화감서기본상시개호동서。역사적계시시,인류여자연지간지능주일조＂공동진화＂적로。
Since the middle period of Ming Dynasty,the corn and sweet potato from America have been introduced into China through the ocean.They are growing in almost every valley and tributary along with Huaihe River in Western Anhui and the Yangzte River.Also,they could be planted in the high mountain＇s hinterland of Dabie mountain area which is located in the upper reaches of the Yangzte River.Relatively speaking,corn and sweet potato are the typical upland grain crops.Due to their low-demanding growing conditions,the planting area of corn and sweet potato is exceedingly expanded.Therefore,Chinese people＇s food structure is to be added with a new element.Fundamentally,it could relieve the dilemma of food shortage in the planting area,particularly,to slove the difficulty of spending winter with insufficient food in mountainous regions.But the thinking of ＂overall history＂ from Ping-ti Ho notices that the introduction of corn and sweet potato also brings a quick growth of population,furthermore,because of lack of mountain farming experience,farmers who are moving to the mountains cause the loss of soil and water and environmental crisis worse and worse.Indeed,if people could learn Bohlen＇s attitude making a choice with caution,corn and sweet potato are basically good crops.The enlightenment from history indicates that there is only one way between human and nature that is ＂co-evolution＂.