宁波大学学报：人文科学版
寧波大學學報：人文科學版
저파대학학보：인문과학판
Journal of Ningbo University(Liberal Arts Edition)
2012年
2期
96-100
,共5页
拥挤效应%教师教学动机%外在激励
擁擠效應%教師教學動機%外在激勵
옹제효응%교사교학동궤%외재격려
crowding effects%teaching motivation%extrinsic motivation
＂拥挤效应＂指当内部动机是行为发生的首要条件时,外部激励会削弱个体从事该行为的内部动机水平。教学行为本质上是由教师内部动机推动的创新行为,因此,质疑简单地使用外在奖励以激励教师教学行为的做法。为了更好地使用外在奖励,建议：（一）教学动机培育与激励制度设计一体化;（二）以教学自主权的拥有来培育教学动机;（三）＂外部激励＂应聚焦于教师质量。
＂擁擠效應＂指噹內部動機是行為髮生的首要條件時,外部激勵會削弱箇體從事該行為的內部動機水平。教學行為本質上是由教師內部動機推動的創新行為,因此,質疑簡單地使用外在獎勵以激勵教師教學行為的做法。為瞭更好地使用外在獎勵,建議：（一）教學動機培育與激勵製度設計一體化;（二）以教學自主權的擁有來培育教學動機;（三）＂外部激勵＂應聚焦于教師質量。
＂옹제효응＂지당내부동궤시행위발생적수요조건시,외부격려회삭약개체종사해행위적내부동궤수평。교학행위본질상시유교사내부동궤추동적창신행위,인차,질의간단지사용외재장려이격려교사교학행위적주법。위료경호지사용외재장려,건의：（일）교학동궤배육여격려제도설계일체화;（이）이교학자주권적옹유래배육교학동궤;（삼）＂외부격려＂응취초우교사질량。
The ＂crowding effects＂ refers to the undermining of the individual’s internal motivational level of conducting this behavior when internal motivation is a prerequisite for a behavior to take place.The behavior of teaching is by nature an innovative behavior driven by teacher＇s internal motivation.Thus this article questions the policy for it simply uses extrinsic rewards to motivate teachers’ teaching practice.In order to make better use extrinsic rewards,this article suggests：（a） the design of teaching motivation should be integrated with the cultivation and motivation systems;（b） teaching motivation should be fostered by teaching autonomy;（c） ＂external motivation＂ should focus on teacher quality.
