石油化工腐蚀与防护
石油化工腐蝕與防護
석유화공부식여방호
PETROCHEMICAL CORROSION AND PROTECTION
2012年
1期
51-54
,共4页
炼油厂设备%腐蚀%原因分析%防腐措施
煉油廠設備%腐蝕%原因分析%防腐措施
련유엄설비%부식%원인분석%방부조시
refinery equipment%corrosion%cause analysis%corrosion protection measures
结合炼油厂常减压蒸馏装置顶循环油／原油换热器管束泄漏；硫酸烷基化单元反应流出物碱洗罐入口混合器前管段穿孔和汽柴油加氢精制单元柴油蒸汽发生器泄漏等三例设备腐蚀案例进行了失效原因分析。分析结果表明：常减压蒸馏装置顶循环油／原油换热器管束泄漏由管程介质即顸循环引起，为HCl结露产生的H，0-HCl体系腐蚀所致；硫酸烷基化单元反应流出物碱洗罐入口混合器前管段穿孔由于注碱方式导致反应流出物和热碱水在混合过程中产生局部低压区，造成c。蒸发，大大加快了流速。另外碱液中水分稀释反应流出物中夹带的浓硫酸，使其含量变低，从而导致20合金的严重腐蚀；汽柴油加氢精制单元柴油蒸汽发生器泄漏主要由于壳程介质水、蒸汽或换热管与管板的联接制造缺陷引起。最后针对不同的腐蚀问题提出了防护措施。
結閤煉油廠常減壓蒸餾裝置頂循環油／原油換熱器管束洩漏；硫痠烷基化單元反應流齣物堿洗罐入口混閤器前管段穿孔和汽柴油加氫精製單元柴油蒸汽髮生器洩漏等三例設備腐蝕案例進行瞭失效原因分析。分析結果錶明：常減壓蒸餾裝置頂循環油／原油換熱器管束洩漏由管程介質即頇循環引起，為HCl結露產生的H，0-HCl體繫腐蝕所緻；硫痠烷基化單元反應流齣物堿洗罐入口混閤器前管段穿孔由于註堿方式導緻反應流齣物和熱堿水在混閤過程中產生跼部低壓區，造成c。蒸髮，大大加快瞭流速。另外堿液中水分稀釋反應流齣物中夾帶的濃硫痠，使其含量變低，從而導緻20閤金的嚴重腐蝕；汽柴油加氫精製單元柴油蒸汽髮生器洩漏主要由于殼程介質水、蒸汽或換熱管與管闆的聯接製造缺陷引起。最後針對不同的腐蝕問題提齣瞭防護措施。
결합련유엄상감압증류장치정순배유／원유환열기관속설루；류산완기화단원반응류출물감세관입구혼합기전관단천공화기시유가경정제단원시유증기발생기설루등삼례설비부식안례진행료실효원인분석。분석결과표명：상감압증류장치정순배유／원유환열기관속설루유관정개질즉한순배인기，위HCl결로산생적H，0-HCl체계부식소치；류산완기화단원반응류출물감세관입구혼합기전관단천공유우주감방식도치반응류출물화열감수재혼합과정중산생국부저압구，조성c。증발，대대가쾌료류속。령외감액중수분희석반응류출물중협대적농류산，사기함량변저，종이도치20합금적엄중부식；기시유가경정제단원시유증기발생기설루주요유우각정개질수、증기혹환열관여관판적련접제조결함인기。최후침대불동적부식문제제출료방호조시。
In the study of 3 corrosion failure cases of refinery equipment, i.e. corrosion leakage of recycle oil/crude oil heat exchanger in atmospheric - vacuum distillation unit overhead, failure of pipeline upstream of inlet mixer of caustic wash drum of reactor effluent of sulfuric acid alkylation unit and corrosion leakage of steam generator in gasoline and diesel hydrotreating unit, the causes of corrosion failures of refinery equipment were analyzed. The results demonstrated that, the corrosion leakage of atmospheric -vacuum distillation unit overhead recycle oil/crude oil heat exchanger was caused by tube side media （overhead recycle oil） ; The corrosion was the result of H20 - HC1 system produced by HC1 dew formation. The pipeline upstream of inlet mixer of caustic wash drum of reactor effluent of sulfuric acid alkylation unit failed because of accelerated flow velocity caused by Ca vaporization in the low - pressure zone in the mixing of reactor effluent and hot caustic water due to the inappropriate ways of caustic addition. In addition, the water in caustic liquid diluted the sulfuric acid carried over with the reactor effluent, leading to serious corrosion of 20 alloy steel. The leakage of steam generator in gasoline and diesel hydrotreating unit was mainly caused by shell side media, water or fabrication defects of connection of heat exchanger tubes and shell plates. Prevention measures are recommended based upon different corrosion conditions.
