CAJ | 학술논문

　　本研究利用自主开发的荔枝SNP和EST-SSR两种分子标记技术，对近年发掘的荔枝优稀种质御金球进行分子鉴定，明确其与现有的363份荔枝种质的亲缘关系，以探索其是否为新种质，并揭示亲本来源，为进行新品种保护提供分子证据。结果表明，13对EST-SSR引物在364份种质中共产生122条谱带，其中多态性条带112条(91.8%)；筛选出的17对SNP引物均表现为二等位性。御金球与363份荔枝种质的演化分化系数介于0.043~1.924之间，遗传相似性系数介于0.123~0.877之间。可见，御金球与现有的363份荔枝种质在分子水平上存在差异，证实御金球为一份全新荔枝种质。通过对该种质与22份疑似亲本进行EST-SSR和SNP分析，并结合表型资料及品种起源信息，初步认为御金球是杂交后代，且母本为糯米糍，父本为焦核怀枝的可能性最大。 SNP分型技术首次成功地用于荔枝新种质御金球的亲本来源鉴定，为今后荔枝种质的鉴别提供了可借鉴手段。
　　본연구이용자주개발적려지SNP화EST-SSR량충분자표기기술，대근년발굴적려지우희충질어금구진행분자감정，명학기여현유적363빈려지충질적친연관계，이탐색기시부위신충질，병게시친본래원，위진행신품충보호제공분자증거。결과표명，13대EST-SSR인물재364빈충질중공산생122조보대，기중다태성조대112조(91.8%)；사선출적17대SNP인물균표현위이등위성。어금구여363빈려지충질적연화분화계수개우0.043~1.924지간，유전상사성계수개우0.123~0.877지간。가견，어금구여현유적363빈려지충질재분자수평상존재차이，증실어금구위일빈전신려지충질。통과대해충질여22빈의사친본진행EST-SSR화SNP분석，병결합표형자료급품충기원신식，초보인위어금구시잡교후대，차모본위나미자，부본위초핵부지적가능성최대。 SNP분형기술수차성공지용우려지신충질어금구적친본래원감정，위금후려지충질적감별제공료가차감수단。
Yujinqiu (Litchi chinensis Sonn.), a landrace of Lichee discovered in Zhuhai city, Guangdong province, on the end of the 20th century which is a good and rare litchi germplasm with excellent characteristics. This study was to reveal genetic relationship between Yujinqiu and existing 363 litchi accessions, to determine whether Yujinqiu is a novel litchi germplasm and to clarify the possible parentage via morphological characters and molecular markers including expressed sequence tag-simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). A total of 13 EST-SSR primers were selected, generating 122 fragments, of which 112 (91.8%) were polymorphic. All of 17 SNP markers screened had only two alleles. The genetic similarity coefficient between Yujinqiu and other germplasms was in range from 0.123 to 0.877 by NTSYSpc 2.1 analysis, while the evolutionary differentiation coefficient was in range from 0.043 to 1.924 using MEGA 5.0. Yujinqiu was different from the existing 363 accessions of litchi germplasm at molecular level, therefore Yujinqiu could be reconganized as a novel lichee germplasm thatshould be recommended to be protected in germplasm conservation. Furthermore, the 22 suspected parents of Yujinqiu were employed to be identified by EST-SSR and SNP analysis combined with phenotypic data and information about the origin of germplasms, we confirmed Yujinqiu was a hybrid offspring and speculated that the mostly possible maternal parent might be Nuomici and the paternal parent might be Jiaohehuaizhi as well. SNP genotyping technology was firstly successful employed in identification parental origin of a novel litchi germplam, Yujinqiu, which would provide a reference means for litchi germplasm identi-fication in the future.