CAJ | 학술논문

了解不同耕作与培肥模式对麦田土壤的影响，对提升麦田土壤地力及促进小麦的持续高产具有重要的意义。试验于2011-2012年在许昌县陈曹乡史庄村小麦试验田进行，以周麦22为试验材料，分别于孕穗期、开花期和成熟期取土测定土壤微生物与腐殖质含量。借助方差分析和相关分析等经典统计方法研究了不同耕作模式（浅耕15~20 cm；深耕35~40 cm）和培肥模式（单施化肥；化肥增施有机肥）对麦田土壤腐殖质与微生物的影响。试验结果表明：深耕增施有机肥能够显著提高小麦生育后期0~5和5~20 cm耕层土壤富里酸含量（p<0.01）。增施有机肥有利于小麦生育后期各耕层土壤胡敏酸含量的积累（p<0.05），其中20~40 cm耕层土壤增幅最为明显，成熟期深耕增施有机肥与浅耕增施有机肥和开花期相比增幅分别达253.85%与300.00%；深耕增施有机肥能够显著提高小麦孕穗期与成熟期5~20 cm耕层土壤细菌数量（p<0.01），成熟期浅耕增施有机肥与深耕增施有机肥处理细菌数量和开花期相比增幅分别达690.38%和508.75%，其中深耕增施有机肥处理与其它三个处理相比细菌数量最多且差异极显著（p<0.01）。增施有机肥能够显著提高小麦成熟期0~5与20~40 cm耕层土壤真菌数量（p<0.01），深耕增施有机肥能够显著提高小麦孕穗期5~20 cm耕层土壤真菌数量（p<0.01）。深耕增施有机肥能够显著提高小麦生育后期20~40 cm耕层土壤放线菌数量（p<0.05）。相关分析表明，在本研究培肥和耕作模式下麦田土壤腐殖质组分的含量与微生物区系的数量呈正相关关系。
료해불동경작여배비모식대맥전토양적영향，대제승맥전토양지력급촉진소맥적지속고산구유중요적의의。시험우2011-2012년재허창현진조향사장촌소맥시험전진행，이주맥22위시험재료，분별우잉수기、개화기화성숙기취토측정토양미생물여부식질함량。차조방차분석화상관분석등경전통계방법연구료불동경작모식（천경15~20 cm；심경35~40 cm）화배비모식（단시화비；화비증시유궤비）대맥전토양부식질여미생물적영향。시험결과표명：심경증시유궤비능구현저제고소맥생육후기0~5화5~20 cm경층토양부리산함량（p<0.01）。증시유궤비유리우소맥생육후기각경층토양호민산함량적적루（p<0.05），기중20~40 cm경층토양증폭최위명현，성숙기심경증시유궤비여천경증시유궤비화개화기상비증폭분별체253.85%여300.00%；심경증시유궤비능구현저제고소맥잉수기여성숙기5~20 cm경층토양세균수량（p<0.01），성숙기천경증시유궤비여심경증시유궤비처리세균수량화개화기상비증폭분별체690.38%화508.75%，기중심경증시유궤비처리여기타삼개처리상비세균수량최다차차이겁현저（p<0.01）。증시유궤비능구현저제고소맥성숙기0~5여20~40 cm경층토양진균수량（p<0.01），심경증시유궤비능구현저제고소맥잉수기5~20 cm경층토양진균수량（p<0.01）。심경증시유궤비능구현저제고소맥생육후기20~40 cm경층토양방선균수량（p<0.05）。상관분석표명，재본연구배비화경작모식하맥전토양부식질조분적함량여미생물구계적수량정정상관관계。
It would be great significant to understand the affection of different tillage practice and fertilization on enhancing the soil fertility and promoting sustainable high yield in wheat. In this study, Zhoumai 22 was chosen as the experimental material and the soil samples of booting, flowering and maturity stage were took during 2011-2012 to determine the content of soil humus and microorganisms in Shizhuang village , Chencao township, Xuchang city. The experimental data was further analyzed through variance and correlation analysis studying the effects of different tillage practices (shallow ploughing 15-20 cm; deep ploughing 35-40 cm) and fertilizations (chemical fertilizer only; chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizers) on wheat soil humus and microorganisms. The result showed that deep ploughing with organic fertilizer could significantly improve the fulvic acid content in 0-5 and 5-20 cm soil layer during the late of the growing stages(p<0.01). Organic fertilizers is conducive to the accumulation of humus acid content in all soil layers during the late growth stage (p<0.05) and the humus acid content in 20-40 cm soil layer of maturity stage was nearly 2.5 and 3.0 times respectively compared with flowering stage under deep ploughing with organic fertilizer and shallow ploughing with organic fertilizer treantment. In addition, deep ploughing with organic fertilizer treatment can significantly improve the bacteria number in 5-20 cm soil layer during booting and maturity stages (p<0.01). The bacteria number was nearly 6.9 and 5.1 times respectively in maturity stage compared with flowering stage under deep ploughing with organic fertilizer and shallow ploughing with organic fertilizer treatment. And the bacteria number increased significantly under deep ploughing treantment (p<0.01). The organic fertilizer could significantly increase the fungi number in 0-5 and 20-40 cm soil layer during maturity stage (p<0.01) and deep ploughing with organic fertilizer could significantly increase the fungi number in 5-20 cm soil layer during booting stage (p<0.01). Furthermore, deep ploughing with organic fertilizer could significantly increase the actinomycetes number in 20-40 cm soil layer during late growth stage of wheat. Correlation analysis showed that it was positive correlation between wheat soil humus content and the microorganisms number under the tillage and fertilization modes of this study.