CAJ | 학술논문

《联合国海洋法公约》作为国际上唯一的“地球宪法”，其生效实施使约1／3面积的世界海洋依法划归沿海国专属或者管辖，在海洋的利用和管理上赋予沿海国主权权利和管辖权。沿海国在行使这种主权权利和管辖权的时候，可以依法行使紧追权、登临权，还可以采取检查、扣押、扣留、逮捕的措施，这些权力和措施非常类似于平常所说的警察权。在海洋上，这些权力和措施属于什么性质，应由哪些主体来行使，中国的现状如何，国际上的发展趋势如何，这些都是值得关注和研究的重要课题。从警察的概念入手，提出实质意义上的警察和形式意义上的警察（实证法上的警察）的分类，探讨警察权与海洋警察权的涵义，并分述每一种海洋警察的职责、任务以及各机关之间的关系。
《연합국해양법공약》작위국제상유일적“지구헌법”，기생효실시사약1／3면적적세계해양의법화귀연해국전속혹자관할，재해양적이용화관리상부여연해국주권권리화관할권。연해국재행사저충주권권리화관할권적시후，가이의법행사긴추권、등림권，환가이채취검사、구압、구류、체포적조시，저사권력화조시비상유사우평상소설적경찰권。재해양상，저사권력화조시속우십요성질，응유나사주체래행사，중국적현상여하，국제상적발전추세여하，저사도시치득관주화연구적중요과제。종경찰적개념입수，제출실질의의상적경찰화형식의의상적경찰（실증법상적경찰）적분류，탐토경찰권여해양경찰권적함의，병분술매일충해양경찰적직책、임무이급각궤관지간적관계。
After the coming into force of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea （UNCLOS）, which is also named the Constitution of the earth, about one third of the ocean was put under the possession or jurisdiction of coastal countries. Sovereign rights and jurisdiction with regard to utilization and management of the ocean were endowed to coastal countries pursuant to the relevant provisions of UNCLOS. In exercising its sovereign rights and jurisdiction, coastal country may exercise the right of hot pursuit, right of visit, and take such measures as inspection, seizure, detention and arrest. These right and measures are very similar to police power that people usually talk about. In the ocean, it is of great importance to study the nature of these right and measures, the subject exercising these right and measures, the current status in China as well as the trend in the world. This article, starting from the definition of police, puts forward the classification of substantial meaning of the police and formal meaning of the police （positive law police）, discusses the connotation of the police power and the maritime police power, and explains respectively the responsibility, mission of each maritime police and the relationship between various authorities.