CAJ | 학술논문

随劣质原油加工比例的不断增加,以及日益严格的环护要求,原油中镍和钒在加工过程中的危害及脱除技术越来越受到相关部门的重视和关注。本文综述了原油中镍和钒相关研发工作的现状,阐述了原油中镍和钒的存在形态和分布情况,镍和钒主要是以卟啉化合物和非卟啉化合物的形式存在,95%以上的镍和钒是集中在减压渣油;概述了原油中镍和钒在二次加工过程、燃料油燃烧以及环境等方面给炼油厂带来的危害和影响;评述了国内外关于原油中镍和钒的脱除技术的现状和优劣,包括加氢法、化学法、物理法和组合工艺法等脱金属。同时提出在高效、环保的脱金属剂的基础上,联合微波、超声波等其它工艺方法,通过原油电脱盐过程将原油中的镍和钒等金属脱除的工艺路线是今后发展方向。
수렬질원유가공비례적불단증가,이급일익엄격적배호요구,원유중얼화범재가공과정중적위해급탈제기술월래월수도상관부문적중시화관주。본문종술료원유중얼화범상관연발공작적현상,천술료원유중얼화범적존재형태화분포정황,얼화범주요시이계람화합물화비계람화합물적형식존재,95%이상적얼화범시집중재감압사유;개술료원유중얼화범재이차가공과정、연료유연소이급배경등방면급련유엄대래적위해화영향;평술료국내외관우원유중얼화범적탈제기술적현상화우렬,포괄가경법、화학법、물리법화조합공예법등탈금속。동시제출재고효、배보적탈금속제적기출상,연합미파、초성파등기타공예방법,통과원유전탈염과정장원유중적얼화범등금속탈제적공예로선시금후발전방향。
The hazards of nickel （Ni） and vanadium （V） in crudes in processing and removal technologies are increasingly attracting people＇ s attention with increased percentage of poor crude oil in refinery crude feed and more stringent environmental protection regulations. The research ＆ development o Ni and V in crudes are summarized. The forms and distributions of Ni and V in crudes are described. Ni and V are present in the form of porphyrins compounds and non - porphyrins compounds, and 95% of Ni and V are concentrated in vacuum residue. The hazards and impacts of Ni and V in the downstream process units, combustion of fuel oil and environmental protection are studied. The status - quo of Ni and V removal technologies including hydrogenation methods, chemical methods, physical methods, and combination processes both in China and abroad and their respective advantages and disadvantages are reviewed. The process of removing metals by application of high - efficiency environmentally friendly demetalization agents as well as micro - wave and ultrasonic techniques and through crude electro - static desahing is the future development trend.