CAJ | 학술논문

目的：了解潍坊市2007-2012年麻疹疫情流行规律，为消除麻疹策略提供科学依据。方法采用描述性流行病学方法，研究探讨潍坊市2007-2012年麻疹流行规律。结果2007-2012年潍坊市报告麻疹确诊病例385例，均为散发病例，无死亡病例，年均发病率为0．72/10万，其中2008、2010年出现两个发病高峰，发病率分别为1．49/10万、1．17/10万，2012年发病率降至0．033/10万。3-5月为发病高峰，病例主要集中在寿光、诸城、安丘、青州四个市，占72．73％（280/385）。发病年龄最小2个月，最大63岁，病例年龄以＜1岁婴儿和20～44岁成年人为主。职业以民工、工人、农民和散居儿童为主，民工、工人和农民所占比例平均为52．47％（202/385）；散居儿童所占比例平均为22．08％（85/385）；民工、工人、农民和散居儿童发病人群所占比例逐渐升高，托幼儿童和学生逐渐降低。≥8月龄病例中有明确麻疹疫苗免疫史者96例，占26．74％；其中8月龄～14岁有明确麻疹免疫史者66例，占该年龄组病例的66％。结论潍坊市麻疹发病年龄构成以小于1岁婴儿和20～44岁成年人为主，出现向两极移动现象，1岁以下婴幼儿发病呈上升趋势。今后要提高常规免疫接种率和及时接种率，降低小年龄儿童麻疹发病率，适时对重点地区、重点人群开展麻疹疫苗强化免疫，消除免疫空白。
목적：료해유방시2007-2012년마진역정류행규률，위소제마진책략제공과학의거。방법채용묘술성류행병학방법，연구탐토유방시2007-2012년마진류행규률。결과2007-2012년유방시보고마진학진병례385례，균위산발병례，무사망병례，년균발병솔위0．72/10만，기중2008、2010년출현량개발병고봉，발병솔분별위1．49/10만、1．17/10만，2012년발병솔강지0．033/10만。3-5월위발병고봉，병례주요집중재수광、제성、안구、청주사개시，점72．73％（280/385）。발병년령최소2개월，최대63세，병례년령이＜1세영인화20～44세성년인위주。직업이민공、공인、농민화산거인동위주，민공、공인화농민소점비례평균위52．47％（202/385）；산거인동소점비례평균위22．08％（85/385）；민공、공인、농민화산거인동발병인군소점비례축점승고，탁유인동화학생축점강저。≥8월령병례중유명학마진역묘면역사자96례，점26．74％；기중8월령～14세유명학마진면역사자66례，점해년령조병례적66％。결론유방시마진발병년령구성이소우1세영인화20～44세성년인위주，출현향량겁이동현상，1세이하영유인발병정상승추세。금후요제고상규면역접충솔화급시접충솔，강저소년령인동마진발병솔，괄시대중점지구、중점인군개전마진역묘강화면역，소제면역공백。
Objective The purpose is to research the epidemic situation of measles in Weifang city from 2007 to 2012,so as to provide evidence for adjusting the strategies for the control and elimination of measles .Methods Descriptive epide-miologic method was applied to analysis the epidemic regularity of measles in Weifang city from 2007 to 2012 .Results The total reported 385 measles cases of illness during the six years (2007-2012), were all sporadic cases,without death case, the average incidence rate of measles is 0.72 /100 000 ,and there are two morbidity peaks appeared in 2008 and 2010, the measles incidence rate is 1.49 /100 000, and 1.17/100 000, respectively.The disease incidence rate is low-est, 0.033/100 000 in 2012 .Every year from March to May, there usually to be the occurrence peak , most cases concen-trates in four regions,such as Shouguang, Zhucheng, Anqiu and Qingzhou city, occupies 72.73%(280/385).The morbid-ity age is youngest for 2 months old and the oldest 63 years old,in which younger than 1year old infants and older than 20 years old adults take a major .For profession , the rural labourer , the worker , the farmer and the children who live scattered take a major, and the labourer, the worker and the farmer account for the proportion are equally 52.47%(202/385);The live-scattered children account for the proportion is equally 22.08%(85/385);The incidence of the labourer , the worker, the farmer and the live-scattered children has been increased gradually , the day-care children and the student has been de-creased gradually.In the case who are no younger than 8 months, that have measles vaccine immunity history in 96 cases, accounts for 26 .74%.During the case age from 8 months to 14 years old ,the number of case who has immunity history is 66 examples, occupy 66%of this age group case of illness .Conclusion The Weifang city measles occurrence age consti-tution is mainly made up with the age group that younger than 1 year old infant and older than 20 years old adults , appearing to be the two-pole migration phenomenon , the incidence of below 1 year old the babies and infants have been increasing gradually . From now on we will have to enhance the routine immunization coverage rate and timely vaccination rate , to reduce measles incidence rate of the small age children ;at the same time ,we will have to carry on strengthen vaccine immunization towards high-risk area and people , and eliminate the blank of vaccine immunization.