敦煌研究
敦煌研究
돈황연구
DUNHUANG RESEARCH
2013年
6期
109-116
,共8页
俄军%武发思%汪万福%陈庚龄%赵林毅%贺东鹏%徐瑞红
俄軍%武髮思%汪萬福%陳庚齡%趙林毅%賀東鵬%徐瑞紅
아군%무발사%왕만복%진경령%조림의%하동붕%서서홍
魏晋墓%壁画%空气微生物%粒径分布%文物保护
魏晉墓%壁畫%空氣微生物%粒徑分佈%文物保護
위진묘%벽화%공기미생물%립경분포%문물보호
Tombs of Wei and Jin dynasties%Wall paintings on mural bricks%Microbes in the air%Size distribution%Preservation of cultural relics
本研究利用 FA-I 型便携式空气微生物采样器和分子技术,对魏晋五号壁画墓保存环境空气中可培养细菌和真菌的浓度、粒径分布、群落组成进行了监测和分析。结果表明:墓室内外空气中细菌、真菌微粒浓度差异极显著。分子鉴定与系统发生分析显示,墓室内外主要细菌类群组成相似,而真菌类群组成具有较大差异。放线菌、枝孢属、青霉属和链格孢属等大量存在于墓室空气中,成为威胁砖壁画保存的重要污染源。墓室内长期较高的相对湿度和较为封闭的保存环境,是引起小粒径微生物增殖的关键因素。建议阶段性地打开展览厅大门,增加墓室内外的空气交流。
本研究利用 FA-I 型便攜式空氣微生物採樣器和分子技術,對魏晉五號壁畫墓保存環境空氣中可培養細菌和真菌的濃度、粒徑分佈、群落組成進行瞭鑑測和分析。結果錶明:墓室內外空氣中細菌、真菌微粒濃度差異極顯著。分子鑒定與繫統髮生分析顯示,墓室內外主要細菌類群組成相似,而真菌類群組成具有較大差異。放線菌、枝孢屬、青黴屬和鏈格孢屬等大量存在于墓室空氣中,成為威脅磚壁畫保存的重要汙染源。墓室內長期較高的相對濕度和較為封閉的保存環境,是引起小粒徑微生物增殖的關鍵因素。建議階段性地打開展覽廳大門,增加墓室內外的空氣交流。
본연구이용 FA-I 형편휴식공기미생물채양기화분자기술,대위진오호벽화묘보존배경공기중가배양세균화진균적농도、립경분포、군락조성진행료감측화분석。결과표명:묘실내외공기중세균、진균미립농도차이겁현저。분자감정여계통발생분석현시,묘실내외주요세균류군조성상사,이진균류군조성구유교대차이。방선균、지포속、청매속화련격포속등대량존재우묘실공기중,성위위협전벽화보존적중요오염원。묘실내장기교고적상대습도화교위봉폐적보존배경,시인기소립경미생물증식적관건인소。건의계단성지타개전람청대문,증가묘실내외적공기교류。
This paper introduces the monitoring and analysis of concentration, size, distribution, and community structures of the bacteria and fungi cultivable in the air of the environment of the wall paintings on the Wei and Jin tomb bricks with a portable airborne microbe sampler (FA-I) and molecular technology. As the research results indicate, the concentrations of the bacteria and fungi in the air inside and outside the tomb are extremely different. The molecular identification and phylogenetic analysis show that the community structures of the fungi inside and outside the tombs are similar, but the concentrations of the bacteria and fungi particles are very different. Actinomycetes, cladosporium, pinicielium, and alternaria exist in the tomb air in large number, and become an important pollution source threatening the preservation of brick paintings. The long-time higher relative humidity and closed environment of the tombs are key elements that cause the proliferation of fine-size microbe particles. Therefore, we suggest that the gate of the exhibition hall be opened periodically to increase air changes of the tombs.