CAJ | 학술논문

利用微波卫星遥感数据对北极东北航道和西北航道近年来的冰情变化，以及影响航道开通的关键区域和每年的开通状况进行了分析和总结，并对航道未来的可能冰情状况进行了展望，期望对航道利用者有所帮助。东北航道全线开通期主要集中在8月下旬至10月上旬，开通总天数多在40～50 d；西北航道南线开通期主要集中在8月上中旬至10月上旬，开通总天数多在50～60 d；西北航道北线开通时间主要集中在9月。东北航道冰情最为复杂的是连接拉普捷夫海和喀拉海的北地群岛区域海冰，也是影响航道开通的关键区。影响西北航道南线开通的关键主要是威廉王岛附近维多利亚海峡、威尔士王子岛东侧的皮尔海峡和北侧巴罗海峡区域的海冰状况；影响北线开通的关键区域是班克斯岛西北部的麦克卢尔海峡和梅尔维尔子爵海峡；东北航道可通航性优于西北航道。虽然气候变化大背景下北极海冰总量减少，但由于海冰流动性增强，局部海冰变化愈发复杂，海冰分布年际差异较大，需要加强北极海冰监测和预报能力，为未来航道利用提供保障。
이용미파위성요감수거대북겁동북항도화서북항도근년래적빙정변화，이급영향항도개통적관건구역화매년적개통상황진행료분석화총결，병대항도미래적가능빙정상황진행료전망，기망대항도이용자유소방조。동북항도전선개통기주요집중재8월하순지10월상순，개통총천수다재40～50 d；서북항도남선개통기주요집중재8월상중순지10월상순，개통총천수다재50～60 d；서북항도북선개통시간주요집중재9월。동북항도빙정최위복잡적시련접랍보첩부해화객랍해적북지군도구역해빙，야시영향항도개통적관건구。영향서북항도남선개통적관건주요시위렴왕도부근유다리아해협、위이사왕자도동측적피이해협화북측파라해협구역적해빙상황；영향북선개통적관건구역시반극사도서북부적맥극로이해협화매이유이자작해협；동북항도가통항성우우서북항도。수연기후변화대배경하북겁해빙총량감소，단유우해빙류동성증강，국부해빙변화유발복잡，해빙분포년제차이교대，수요가강북겁해빙감측화예보능력，위미래항도이용제공보장。
Using microwave satellite remote sensing data,the sea ice conditions in key regions of Arctic Northeast Passage and Northwest Passage in recent summers were analyzed and the navigable status from 2002 to 2013 were summarized.The navigable period of Northeast Passage was mainly in late August to early October,and navigable windows was 40 to 50 days;South line of Northwest Passage was free to navigate mainly in early-middle August to early October,and about 50 to 60 days;North line of Northwest Passage was navigable mainly in September.For the Northeast Passage,the ice condition in Severnaya Zemlya,which connecting the Kara Sea and Laptev Sea,was the most complex,which was the key region determining North Passage navigable or not.The key regions affecting South line of Northwest Passage navigation were King William Island near Victoria Strait,North Peel Channel and Barrow Strait;and the key regions affecting North line of Northwest Passage were Northwest Banks Island,Mc-Clure Strait and Melville Sound.Arctic Northeast Passage is easier for navigation compared with the Northwest Passage.Sea ice extent in Arctic was reducing but the ice kinetic ability was enhanced due to sea ice thickness thin-ner and friable,which induced the sea ice complexity in local area.The capacity of sea ice monitoring and forecas-ting should be strengthened for the safety of Arctic navigation.