CAJ | 학술논문

为求得大气环境下光伏组件的最佳倾角及其与理论值的差异，在武汉地区开展了15块正南朝向、不同倾角光伏组件发电的一年期对比观测与统计分析。结果表明：所有组件发电量为单峰型年、日变化；最佳倾角在冬半年(3月除外)均为45°，即大于纬度角，其发电量比水平面增幅大，最大达63%，在夏半年为5°~20°即小于纬度角，其发电量比水平面增幅较小，不超过10%；四季最佳倾角分别为20°、10°、30°、45°，年最大倾角为30°，其发电量比水平面高19%；实测与理论推算的逐月最佳倾角趋势一致，且高于或等于理论值(11、12月除外)；天空各向异性模型最佳倾角斜面获取的能量多于各向同性模型，冬季相差可达6.8%。冬季增大光伏阵列倾角或夏季减小光伏阵列倾角，会使发电效果得到明显(或一定)改善；对可调光伏阵列，一年调节4次(3、5、9、10月)，就能达到较高的发电效率。研究成果对最大程度利用太阳能资源具有指导作用。
위구득대기배경하광복조건적최가경각급기여이론치적차이，재무한지구개전료15괴정남조향、불동경각광복조건발전적일년기대비관측여통계분석。결과표명：소유조건발전량위단봉형년、일변화；최가경각재동반년(3월제외)균위45°，즉대우위도각，기발전량비수평면증폭대，최대체63%，재하반년위5°~20°즉소우위도각，기발전량비수평면증폭교소，불초과10%；사계최가경각분별위20°、10°、30°、45°，년최대경각위30°，기발전량비수평면고19%；실측여이론추산적축월최가경각추세일치，차고우혹등우이론치(11、12월제외)；천공각향이성모형최가경각사면획취적능량다우각향동성모형，동계상차가체6.8%。동계증대광복진렬경각혹하계감소광복진렬경각，회사발전효과득도명현(혹일정)개선；대가조광복진렬，일년조절4차(3、5、9、10월)，취능체도교고적발전효솔。연구성과대최대정도이용태양능자원구유지도작용。
To achieve the optimal tilted angle (OTA) in the actual atmospheric environment and reveal the differences between it and the theoretical values, a series of comparative observational experiments were carried out with 15 pieces of different tilted photovoltaic (short for PV) modules. It is found that the daily and annual variation of the PV power generation of all modules showed a single peak. The observed OTA in winter half year (except March) is 45°, which is greater than the latitude angle, and the power generation can be increased by up to 63%compared with the horizontal module at the same period. The observed OTA in the summer half year is between 5° and 20°, which is less than the latitude angle, and the increasing rate of power generation is no more than 10%compared with that of the horizontal module. The OTAs in four seasons are 20°、10°、30° and 45° respectively. The annual power generation of the OTA module (30°) is 19%higher than that of 0° module. The changing trend of measured OTA is consistent with the theoretical calculation results and the measured value is greater than or equal to the calculated results (except November and December). The available energy calculated by sky anisotropic model is higher than that calculated by sky isotropic model, the difference can be up to 6.8%in winter. To increase (decrease) the inclination of PV array in winter (summer) will increase power generation significantly (to a certain degree). For adjustable PV array, there will be high power generation efficiency with OTA adjusted in March, May, September and October. The results can provide reference for applying solar energy resources to the most degree.