养猪
養豬
양저
SWINE PRODUCTION
2014年
2期
13-17
,共5页
许娅虹%孔凡勇%周仕钰%马云章%李宁仙%苏建伟%杨汝和%李冽%赵天永%张护%曹林
許婭虹%孔凡勇%週仕鈺%馬雲章%李寧仙%囌建偉%楊汝和%李冽%趙天永%張護%曹林
허아홍%공범용%주사옥%마운장%리저선%소건위%양여화%리렬%조천영%장호%조림
紫花苜蓿鲜草%生长肥育猪%生长性能%消化率%血液指标%胴体品质
紫花苜蓿鮮草%生長肥育豬%生長性能%消化率%血液指標%胴體品質
자화목숙선초%생장비육저%생장성능%소화솔%혈액지표%동체품질
alfalfa grass%growing-finishing pigs%growth performance%digestibility%blood indicators%carcass quality
为研究紫花苜蓿鲜草对生长肥育猪生长性能和胴体品质的影响，选择体重60 kg左右健康的杜长大生长肥育猪60头，采用完全随机化设计分为4个处理，每个处理3个重复，每个重复5头猪，对照组不饲喂紫花苜蓿鲜草，3个试验组分别在饲粮中添加10％、15％、20％紫花苜蓿鲜草。结果表明，试验各组间的均增重和日增重差异不显著（P>0.05）；料重比随着紫花苜蓿鲜草添加量的增加而增大，其中20％紫花苜蓿组显著高于10％紫花苜蓿组（P＜0.05）；每千克增重所需饲料成本，10％、15％、20％紫花苜蓿组分别比对照组降低13.43％、12.21％、14.24％。干物质消化率随着紫花苜蓿鲜草添加量的增加而降低，20％紫花苜蓿组极显著低于对照组（P＜0.01）；粗蛋白质消化率随着紫花苜蓿鲜草添加量的增加而降低，对照组最高，极显著高于3个试验组（P＜0.01）；粗纤维消化率随着紫花苜蓿鲜草添加量的增加而提高，以20％紫花苜蓿组最高，极显著高于对照组和10％紫花苜蓿组（P＜0.01）。血清总蛋白、血糖、总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白4组间差异不显著（P＞0.05）；血清尿素氮，对照组与10％紫花苜蓿组、20％紫花苜蓿组间差异不显著（P＞0.05），但显著高于15％紫花苜蓿组（P＜0.05）；3个试验组间差异不显著（P＞0.05）。屠宰率、皮率、骨率、3点平均背膘厚、6～7肋背膘厚、眼肌面积、皮厚、胴体斜长、胴体直长及前、中、后躯占胴体重，各组间差异不显著（P＞0.05）；瘦肉率，3个试验组高于对照组，但差异不显著（P＞0.05）；肥肉率，3个试验组低于对照组，但差异不显著（P＞0.05）。小肠长和小肠重、大肠长和大肠重、肾重、心重、肺重、膀胱重，各组间差异不显著（P＞0.05）；胃重，3个试验组间差异不显著（P＞0.05），但均高于对照组，其中10％紫花苜蓿组、20％紫花苜蓿组显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）；肝重，3个试验组间差异不显著（P＞0.05），但均显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）。肉色、大理石纹、熟肉率、失水率、滴水损失及pH1、pH2各组间差异不显著（P＞0.05）。背最长肌粗蛋白质，3个试验组间差异不显著（P＞0.05），但均高于对照组，其中10％紫花苜蓿组显著高于对照组（P＜0.05）；粗脂肪、水分、干物质各组间差异不显著（P＞0.05）。结果显示，生长肥育猪饲粮中添加不同比例紫花苜蓿鲜草促进了生长肥育猪增重、降低了饲料成本，对血液理化指标无不良影响，不同程度地降低了背膘厚、提高了瘦肉率，改善了胴体品质。在本试验条件下，推荐紫花苜蓿鲜草适宜添加比例为15％。
為研究紫花苜蓿鮮草對生長肥育豬生長性能和胴體品質的影響，選擇體重60 kg左右健康的杜長大生長肥育豬60頭，採用完全隨機化設計分為4箇處理，每箇處理3箇重複，每箇重複5頭豬，對照組不飼餵紫花苜蓿鮮草，3箇試驗組分彆在飼糧中添加10％、15％、20％紫花苜蓿鮮草。結果錶明，試驗各組間的均增重和日增重差異不顯著（P>0.05）；料重比隨著紫花苜蓿鮮草添加量的增加而增大，其中20％紫花苜蓿組顯著高于10％紫花苜蓿組（P＜0.05）；每韆剋增重所需飼料成本，10％、15％、20％紫花苜蓿組分彆比對照組降低13.43％、12.21％、14.24％。榦物質消化率隨著紫花苜蓿鮮草添加量的增加而降低，20％紫花苜蓿組極顯著低于對照組（P＜0.01）；粗蛋白質消化率隨著紫花苜蓿鮮草添加量的增加而降低，對照組最高，極顯著高于3箇試驗組（P＜0.01）；粗纖維消化率隨著紫花苜蓿鮮草添加量的增加而提高，以20％紫花苜蓿組最高，極顯著高于對照組和10％紫花苜蓿組（P＜0.01）。血清總蛋白、血糖、總膽固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白4組間差異不顯著（P＞0.05）；血清尿素氮，對照組與10％紫花苜蓿組、20％紫花苜蓿組間差異不顯著（P＞0.05），但顯著高于15％紫花苜蓿組（P＜0.05）；3箇試驗組間差異不顯著（P＞0.05）。屠宰率、皮率、骨率、3點平均揹膘厚、6～7肋揹膘厚、眼肌麵積、皮厚、胴體斜長、胴體直長及前、中、後軀佔胴體重，各組間差異不顯著（P＞0.05）；瘦肉率，3箇試驗組高于對照組，但差異不顯著（P＞0.05）；肥肉率，3箇試驗組低于對照組，但差異不顯著（P＞0.05）。小腸長和小腸重、大腸長和大腸重、腎重、心重、肺重、膀胱重，各組間差異不顯著（P＞0.05）；胃重，3箇試驗組間差異不顯著（P＞0.05），但均高于對照組，其中10％紫花苜蓿組、20％紫花苜蓿組顯著高于對照組（P＜0.05）；肝重，3箇試驗組間差異不顯著（P＞0.05），但均顯著低于對照組（P＜0.05）。肉色、大理石紋、熟肉率、失水率、滴水損失及pH1、pH2各組間差異不顯著（P＞0.05）。揹最長肌粗蛋白質，3箇試驗組間差異不顯著（P＞0.05），但均高于對照組，其中10％紫花苜蓿組顯著高于對照組（P＜0.05）；粗脂肪、水分、榦物質各組間差異不顯著（P＞0.05）。結果顯示，生長肥育豬飼糧中添加不同比例紫花苜蓿鮮草促進瞭生長肥育豬增重、降低瞭飼料成本，對血液理化指標無不良影響，不同程度地降低瞭揹膘厚、提高瞭瘦肉率，改善瞭胴體品質。在本試驗條件下，推薦紫花苜蓿鮮草適宜添加比例為15％。
위연구자화목숙선초대생장비육저생장성능화동체품질적영향，선택체중60 kg좌우건강적두장대생장비육저60두，채용완전수궤화설계분위4개처리，매개처리3개중복，매개중복5두저，대조조불사위자화목숙선초，3개시험조분별재사량중첨가10％、15％、20％자화목숙선초。결과표명，시험각조간적균증중화일증중차이불현저（P>0.05）；료중비수착자화목숙선초첨가량적증가이증대，기중20％자화목숙조현저고우10％자화목숙조（P＜0.05）；매천극증중소수사료성본，10％、15％、20％자화목숙조분별비대조조강저13.43％、12.21％、14.24％。간물질소화솔수착자화목숙선초첨가량적증가이강저，20％자화목숙조겁현저저우대조조（P＜0.01）；조단백질소화솔수착자화목숙선초첨가량적증가이강저，대조조최고，겁현저고우3개시험조（P＜0.01）；조섬유소화솔수착자화목숙선초첨가량적증가이제고，이20％자화목숙조최고，겁현저고우대조조화10％자화목숙조（P＜0.01）。혈청총단백、혈당、총담고순、감유삼지、고밀도지단백4조간차이불현저（P＞0.05）；혈청뇨소담，대조조여10％자화목숙조、20％자화목숙조간차이불현저（P＞0.05），단현저고우15％자화목숙조（P＜0.05）；3개시험조간차이불현저（P＞0.05）。도재솔、피솔、골솔、3점평균배표후、6～7륵배표후、안기면적、피후、동체사장、동체직장급전、중、후구점동체중，각조간차이불현저（P＞0.05）；수육솔，3개시험조고우대조조，단차이불현저（P＞0.05）；비육솔，3개시험조저우대조조，단차이불현저（P＞0.05）。소장장화소장중、대장장화대장중、신중、심중、폐중、방광중，각조간차이불현저（P＞0.05）；위중，3개시험조간차이불현저（P＞0.05），단균고우대조조，기중10％자화목숙조、20％자화목숙조현저고우대조조（P＜0.05）；간중，3개시험조간차이불현저（P＞0.05），단균현저저우대조조（P＜0.05）。육색、대리석문、숙육솔、실수솔、적수손실급pH1、pH2각조간차이불현저（P＞0.05）。배최장기조단백질，3개시험조간차이불현저（P＞0.05），단균고우대조조，기중10％자화목숙조현저고우대조조（P＜0.05）；조지방、수분、간물질각조간차이불현저（P＞0.05）。결과현시，생장비육저사량중첨가불동비례자화목숙선초촉진료생장비육저증중、강저료사료성본，대혈액이화지표무불량영향，불동정도지강저료배표후、제고료수육솔，개선료동체품질。재본시험조건하，추천자화목숙선초괄의첨가비례위15％。
This experiment was to study the effect of alfalfa grass on the growth performance and carcass quality of growing-finishing pigs.Sixty healthy growing-finishing pigs with the same height of 60 kg were randomly allo-cated to 4 treatments with 3 replicates of 5 pigs per replicate.The control group was not fed with the alfalfa grass,while 10%,15% and 20% proportion of alfalfa grass were added in the diet of the pigs in 3 experimental groups,respectively.Results showed that there was no significant difference in average gain and average daily gain between the experimental groups(P>0.05).With the increasing of the proportion of alfalfa grass,the feed con-version ratio increased,and the 20% proportion of alfalfa grass group was significant higher thanthe 10% propor-tion of alfalfa grass group (P<0.05).The feed costs per kilogram weight of the 10%,15%,20% proportion of alfalfa grass groups decreased 13.43%,12.21%and 14.24%than the control group,respectively.With the adding propor-tion increasing,the dry matter digestibility decreased,the 20% proportion of alfalfa grass group was extremely sig-nificant lower than the control group(P<0.01).With the adding proportion increasing,the crude protein digestibility decreased,the control group was the highest,and was extremely significant higher than the 3 experimental groups (P<0.01).With the adding proportion increasing,the crude fiber digestibility rate increased,the 20% proportion of alfalfa grass group was the highest,and was extremely significant higher than the control group and the 10% pro-portion of alfalfa grass group (P<0.01).There was no significant difference in serum total protein,blood glucose,to-tal cholesterol,triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol between the four groups (P>0.05).There was no significant difference in serum urea nitrogen between the control group and the 10% and 20% proportion of alfalfa grass groups (P>0.05),but the control group was significant higher than the 15% proportion of alfalfa grass group (P<0.05),and there was no significant difference between the 3 experimental groups (P>0.05).There was no significant difference in dressing percentage,skin rate,rate of bone,average backfatthickness,backfatthickness of 6~7 rib,eye muscle area,thickness of skin,body length,body straight length and before,middle and behind body of carcass weight between groups (P>0.05).Lean meat rate of 3 experimental groups were higher than that of the control group,but there was no significant difference (P>0.05).Fat meat rate of 3 experimental groups were lower than that of the control group,but there was no significant difference (P>0.05).There was no significant difference inthe length and weight of small intestine,the length and weight of large intestine,the weight of kidney,heart,lung and bladder between groups(P>0.05).There was no significant difference instomach weight between 3 experimen-tal groups (P>0.05),but they were greater than the control group,and the 10% and 20% proportion of alfalfa grass groupwere significant higher than the control group (P<0.05).There were no significant difference in liver weight between the 3 experimental groups(P>0.05),but they were significant lower than the control group(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the color of the meat,marble,cooked meat rate,water loss rate,water loss and pH1, pH2 between groups(P>0.05).There were no significant difference in the crude protein of longest back muscle be-tween 3 experimental groups (P>0.05),but they were higher than the control group,and the 10% proportion of al-falfa grass groupwere significant higher than the control group (P<0.05).There were no significant difference in-crude fat,moisture,dry matter between groups(P>0.05).The results showed that growing-finishing pigs diet adding different proportion of alfalfa grass,improved the growing-finishing pigs weight,decreased the feed cost and had no adverse effect on the physical and chemical indices,and partlyreduced back fat thickness,improved the lean meat rate and the carcass quality.Under this experimental condition,the alfalfa grass alternative diet appropriate adding ratio was 15%.
