农业工程学报
農業工程學報
농업공정학보
2014年
13期
228-237
,共10页
孙恩惠%黄红英%武国峰%常志州%徐跃定
孫恩惠%黃紅英%武國峰%常誌州%徐躍定
손은혜%황홍영%무국봉%상지주%서약정
复合材料%力学性能%秸秆%稻壳%改性脲醛树脂%花盆%湿循环处理
複閤材料%力學性能%秸稈%稻殼%改性脲醛樹脂%花盆%濕循環處理
복합재료%역학성능%갈간%도각%개성뇨철수지%화분%습순배처리
composite materials%mechanical properties%straw%rice husk%modified UF resin%flowerpot%wet cycle treatment
为了研究成型材料对模压花盆力学性能的影响，该文以改性脲醛树脂为基体树脂，稻壳与稻壳粉为增强材料，经混炼、热压、成型工序，制备出一种环保花盆。探讨了脲醛树脂改性、改性脲醛树脂用量、稻壳与稻壳粉比例以及湿循环处理对花盆力学性能的影响，采用热重分析仪（thermo-gravimetric analysis，TGA）及扫描电子显微镜（scanning electronic microscope，SEM）分析了秸秆花盆湿循环处理前后的热稳定性及微观结构。结果显示：改性脲醛树脂和稻壳粉有利于改善秸秆花盆的力学性能，当增强填料与基体树脂的比例为1：0.5，稻壳占稻壳粉的质量分数为30%时，花盆的静曲强度（modulus of rupture，MOR）、弹性模量（modulus of elastic，MOE）及拉伸强度（tensile strength，TS）分别达75.48 MPa、16.06 GPa、17.44 MPa；湿循环处理试验中，以稻壳为增强材料为例，当基体树脂为改性脲醛树脂时，其MOR、MOE及TS分别降低21.97%、24.91%、15.09%；当基体树脂为大豆蛋白改性脲醛树脂时，其MOR、MOE和TS分别降低9.92%、15.37%、30.10%。热重分析发现湿循环处理后花盆热稳定性有所提高，微商热重出现最大失重率的温度向高温侧偏移29.5℃。扫描电子显微镜分析表明湿循环处理后样品表面粗糙度增加，增强体与树脂发生分离。该研究结果为进一步研究秸秆花盆制作工艺和使用年限的相关性提供理论依据。
為瞭研究成型材料對模壓花盆力學性能的影響，該文以改性脲醛樹脂為基體樹脂，稻殼與稻殼粉為增彊材料，經混煉、熱壓、成型工序，製備齣一種環保花盆。探討瞭脲醛樹脂改性、改性脲醛樹脂用量、稻殼與稻殼粉比例以及濕循環處理對花盆力學性能的影響，採用熱重分析儀（thermo-gravimetric analysis，TGA）及掃描電子顯微鏡（scanning electronic microscope，SEM）分析瞭秸稈花盆濕循環處理前後的熱穩定性及微觀結構。結果顯示：改性脲醛樹脂和稻殼粉有利于改善秸稈花盆的力學性能，噹增彊填料與基體樹脂的比例為1：0.5，稻殼佔稻殼粉的質量分數為30%時，花盆的靜麯彊度（modulus of rupture，MOR）、彈性模量（modulus of elastic，MOE）及拉伸彊度（tensile strength，TS）分彆達75.48 MPa、16.06 GPa、17.44 MPa；濕循環處理試驗中，以稻殼為增彊材料為例，噹基體樹脂為改性脲醛樹脂時，其MOR、MOE及TS分彆降低21.97%、24.91%、15.09%；噹基體樹脂為大豆蛋白改性脲醛樹脂時，其MOR、MOE和TS分彆降低9.92%、15.37%、30.10%。熱重分析髮現濕循環處理後花盆熱穩定性有所提高，微商熱重齣現最大失重率的溫度嚮高溫側偏移29.5℃。掃描電子顯微鏡分析錶明濕循環處理後樣品錶麵粗糙度增加，增彊體與樹脂髮生分離。該研究結果為進一步研究秸稈花盆製作工藝和使用年限的相關性提供理論依據。
위료연구성형재료대모압화분역학성능적영향，해문이개성뇨철수지위기체수지，도각여도각분위증강재료，경혼련、열압、성형공서，제비출일충배보화분。탐토료뇨철수지개성、개성뇨철수지용량、도각여도각분비례이급습순배처리대화분역학성능적영향，채용열중분석의（thermo-gravimetric analysis，TGA）급소묘전자현미경（scanning electronic microscope，SEM）분석료갈간화분습순배처리전후적열은정성급미관결구。결과현시：개성뇨철수지화도각분유리우개선갈간화분적역학성능，당증강전료여기체수지적비례위1：0.5，도각점도각분적질량분수위30%시，화분적정곡강도（modulus of rupture，MOR）、탄성모량（modulus of elastic，MOE）급랍신강도（tensile strength，TS）분별체75.48 MPa、16.06 GPa、17.44 MPa；습순배처리시험중，이도각위증강재료위례，당기체수지위개성뇨철수지시，기MOR、MOE급TS분별강저21.97%、24.91%、15.09%；당기체수지위대두단백개성뇨철수지시，기MOR、MOE화TS분별강저9.92%、15.37%、30.10%。열중분석발현습순배처리후화분열은정성유소제고，미상열중출현최대실중솔적온도향고온측편이29.5℃。소묘전자현미경분석표명습순배처리후양품표면조조도증가，증강체여수지발생분리。해연구결과위진일보연구갈간화분제작공예화사용년한적상관성제공이론의거。
Due to advantages in being lightweight, inexpensive, biodegradable, and an easy process, composite materials with plant fiber filler have been widely applied in industry, agriculture, national defense, and other fields. In this study, flowerpots in a friendly environment were moulding-prepared through the procedure of mixing and hot-pressing in an oil hydraulic machine. The flowerpots were made of rice husk, rice husk power, and modified urea-formaldehyde resin. The rice husk or husk power components were added as reinforcing agents, while the resin component was added as a matrix material. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the influence of the dosage of urea-formaldehyde resin (UF), modified urea-formaldehyde resin (SUF), ratio of rice husk and rice husk power, and the wet cycle treatment on the mechanical property of the flowerpots. Thermal stability and microstructure of the flowerpots treated with the rewetting method were analyzed by Thermo-gravimetric Analysis (TGA) and a Scanning electronic microscope (SEM). The results showed that the mechanical properties of the flowerpots could be improved by applying modified urea-formaldehyde resin or adding rice husk power. With the dosage of modified UF, modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, and tensile strength of the straw flowerpot all improved. The modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, and tensile strength were 75.48 MPa, 16.06 GPa, and 17.44 MPa, respectively, when the ratio of reinforcing agent and matrix material was 1:0.5 (w/w) and the ratio of unbroken rice husk and rice husk power was 3:7 (w/w). Wet cycle treatment led mechanical parameter values of all formula specimens to decline in different degrees, with tensile strength and maximum bending deformation of SUF-pot specimens dropping most significantly. Using rice husk as the reinforcing agent (RH) in the wet cycle treatment resulted in the modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, and tensile strength of UF/RH to drop to 21.97%、24.91%、and 15.09%, while SUF/RH dropped 9.92%、15.37%, and 30.10%, respectively. TGA analysis showed that the pyrolysis rate and mode of the straw flowerpot materials by wet cycle treatment had been slightly changed; namely materials mass loss rate was reduced and maximum thermal decomposition temperature increased. The SEM graphs of the composites fractured surface showed that the surface of the flowerpots treated by wet cycling had become rough. Some pieces of rice husk divorced from modified urea formaldehyde resin were clearly visible. Obviously, the interface between rice hull and SUF had become weak. This test showed that the straw flowerpots prepared with SUF resin were less stable than those prepared with UF resin, which implied that the former was liable to degrade. In regard to the production costs, the straw flowerpots are more than 10% lower than the plastic flowerpots. Substitution of plastic flowerpots with straw flowerpots would not only be beneficial in reducing white pollution from the use of plastic products, but also in promoting comprehensive utilization of the crop straw. Therefore, there will be an excellent market prospect of straw flowerpots.
