农业工程学报
農業工程學報
농업공정학보
2014年
13期
211-218
,共8页
夏宗鹏%杨孟军%陈冠益%颜蓓蓓%周卫红%田雪
夏宗鵬%楊孟軍%陳冠益%顏蓓蓓%週衛紅%田雪
하종붕%양맹군%진관익%안배배%주위홍%전설
生物质%沼气%农村地区%生物质气化燃气%分散供热%经济分析%温室气体减排
生物質%沼氣%農村地區%生物質氣化燃氣%分散供熱%經濟分析%溫室氣體減排
생물질%소기%농촌지구%생물질기화연기%분산공열%경제분석%온실기체감배
biomass%biogas%rural areas%biomass gasification%decentralized heating%economic analysis%greenhouse gas reduction
随着中国新农村建设的推进和供热事业的迅速发展，高效清洁供热在中国农村引起关注。该文以天津市小塔沽村为供暖对象，对其进行热负荷估算，并采用方案比较法，针对农村2种新能源燃气（生物质气化燃气和户用沼气）分散供热的经济效益（投资、运行费用、投资回收期）和温室气体减排进行对比分析。研究结果发现户用沼气分散供热初投资高于生物质气化燃气分散供热，前者为后者的1.86倍；户用沼气运行费用也略高于生物质气化燃气，但生物质气化燃气分散供热后期管理要优于户用沼气分散供热，另外，户用沼气存在副产物经济效益，每年可高达29.9万元。2种供热方式温室气体减排效益接近，CO2的减排量都为561.18 t/a，CH4减排量约为1300～2200 kg/a。整体而言，生物质气化燃气分散供热优于户用沼气分散供热经济性。特别针对农村的管理水平落后，生物质气化燃气分散供热的优点更加突出。所以类似天津郊区这样的农村地区，供暖期需要大量燃气的农村宜采用生物质气化燃气分散供热方式。该文可从经济、环境角度为农村类似情况燃料及供热方式选择提供参考。
隨著中國新農村建設的推進和供熱事業的迅速髮展，高效清潔供熱在中國農村引起關註。該文以天津市小塔沽村為供暖對象，對其進行熱負荷估算，併採用方案比較法，針對農村2種新能源燃氣（生物質氣化燃氣和戶用沼氣）分散供熱的經濟效益（投資、運行費用、投資迴收期）和溫室氣體減排進行對比分析。研究結果髮現戶用沼氣分散供熱初投資高于生物質氣化燃氣分散供熱，前者為後者的1.86倍；戶用沼氣運行費用也略高于生物質氣化燃氣，但生物質氣化燃氣分散供熱後期管理要優于戶用沼氣分散供熱，另外，戶用沼氣存在副產物經濟效益，每年可高達29.9萬元。2種供熱方式溫室氣體減排效益接近，CO2的減排量都為561.18 t/a，CH4減排量約為1300～2200 kg/a。整體而言，生物質氣化燃氣分散供熱優于戶用沼氣分散供熱經濟性。特彆針對農村的管理水平落後，生物質氣化燃氣分散供熱的優點更加突齣。所以類似天津郊區這樣的農村地區，供暖期需要大量燃氣的農村宜採用生物質氣化燃氣分散供熱方式。該文可從經濟、環境角度為農村類似情況燃料及供熱方式選擇提供參攷。
수착중국신농촌건설적추진화공열사업적신속발전，고효청길공열재중국농촌인기관주。해문이천진시소탑고촌위공난대상，대기진행열부하고산，병채용방안비교법，침대농촌2충신능원연기（생물질기화연기화호용소기）분산공열적경제효익（투자、운행비용、투자회수기）화온실기체감배진행대비분석。연구결과발현호용소기분산공열초투자고우생물질기화연기분산공열，전자위후자적1.86배；호용소기운행비용야략고우생물질기화연기，단생물질기화연기분산공열후기관리요우우호용소기분산공열，령외，호용소기존재부산물경제효익，매년가고체29.9만원。2충공열방식온실기체감배효익접근，CO2적감배량도위561.18 t/a，CH4감배량약위1300～2200 kg/a。정체이언，생물질기화연기분산공열우우호용소기분산공열경제성。특별침대농촌적관리수평락후，생물질기화연기분산공열적우점경가돌출。소이유사천진교구저양적농촌지구，공난기수요대량연기적농촌의채용생물질기화연기분산공열방식。해문가종경제、배경각도위농촌유사정황연료급공열방식선택제공삼고。
With the rapid development of the economy and the significant improvement in people’s living conditions, clean and convenient heating has gained attention due to being required by farmers in the northern rural areas of China. The centralized heating usually requires a long-distance transporting pipe network, thus it is not applicable to most rural villages. The decentralized heating is applicable by using biomass gasification gas coupled with a household gas-burning furnace and by digestion biogas coupled with a household gas-burning furnace. These two methods of heating are much cleaner and more convenient compared to the decentralized heating using coal, char, wood, etc. They potentially become the two main kinds of heating in rural villages in the near future. This paper presents the analysis for economic and greenhouse gas reduction referring to the Xiaoguta village in Tianjin. It goes into detail about all kinds of investments, such as the equipment cost, fuel cost, electricity charge, labor cost, and maintenance management cost. It also shows how greenhouse gas reductions, such as CO2 reduction and CH4 reduction, exist in the two decentralized heating. The results show that the initial investment in biogas heating is nearly 186% of gasification heating. Operation costs of biogas heating has many advantages compared to gasification when the byproduct of biogas (299 thousand RMB/a) is used. Fuel cost of the decentralized heating is 164 thousand RMB/a when using BG gas and 185 thousand RMB/a when using biogas. The electricity charge of the decentralized heating is 62.9 thousand RMB/a when using BG gas and 35 thousand RMB/a when using biogas. The labor cost of the decentralized heating using BG gas is 12 thousand RMB/a, while the decentralized heating using biogas has no labor cost. The maintenance management cost of the decentralized heating using biogas is 37.5 thousand RMB/a, while the decentralized heating using BG gas has no maintenance management cost. The greenhouse gas CO2 reduction of the two decentralized heating methods are also similar, i.e. reducing 561.18 t/a of CO2 in life cycle, when compared with coal-based heating. The CH4 reduction of decentralized heating using biogas is also equal to that of biomass gasification gas. The CH4 reduction of the two decentralized heating methods ranges from 1 328.4 to 2 120.3 kg/a. Overall, the economy of decentralized heating using BG gas has more advantages than using biogas. The advantages of decentralized heating using BG gas is especially more prominent in the low level management rural areas. Villages, such as those in the rural areas of suburbs in Tianjin, should use BG gas as a heating fuel when they need a lot of gas. The results appear valuable when guiding the rural heating modes to use local biomass resources.
