贵金属
貴金屬
귀금속
PRECIOUS METALS
2013年
4期
65-72
,共8页
刘杨%范兴祥%董海刚%赵家春%陈家林%周利民%吴跃东%付光强%李博杰%曾睿
劉楊%範興祥%董海剛%趙傢春%陳傢林%週利民%吳躍東%付光彊%李博傑%曾睿
류양%범흥상%동해강%조가춘%진가림%주이민%오약동%부광강%리박걸%증예
有色金属冶金%贵金属%溶解技术%进展%高效清洁
有色金屬冶金%貴金屬%溶解技術%進展%高效清潔
유색금속야금%귀금속%용해기술%진전%고효청길
nonferrous metallurgy%precious metals%dissolving techniques%development%high efficient and clean
贵金属物料的溶解是贵金属分离提纯不可或缺的环节。现有贵金属物料溶解技术主要有常压酸溶、加压酸溶、活化溶解、电化学溶解、氯化溶解、碱熔等技术，但存在溶解周期长、试剂消耗量大、能耗高、操作过程复杂、返料多、环境污染严重和溶解效率低等缺点。因此，开发一种贵金属物料的高效清洁溶解技术一直是科研人员研究的重点。虽然目前已研发出一些高效清洁溶解技术，但大多数尚处在实验室研究阶段，且处理规模小、工业化应用难度大。综述了当前贵金属物料的溶解技术研究进展及其优缺点，并对今后贵金属溶解技术的发展动态进行了展望。
貴金屬物料的溶解是貴金屬分離提純不可或缺的環節。現有貴金屬物料溶解技術主要有常壓痠溶、加壓痠溶、活化溶解、電化學溶解、氯化溶解、堿鎔等技術，但存在溶解週期長、試劑消耗量大、能耗高、操作過程複雜、返料多、環境汙染嚴重和溶解效率低等缺點。因此，開髮一種貴金屬物料的高效清潔溶解技術一直是科研人員研究的重點。雖然目前已研髮齣一些高效清潔溶解技術，但大多數尚處在實驗室研究階段，且處理規模小、工業化應用難度大。綜述瞭噹前貴金屬物料的溶解技術研究進展及其優缺點，併對今後貴金屬溶解技術的髮展動態進行瞭展望。
귀금속물료적용해시귀금속분리제순불가혹결적배절。현유귀금속물료용해기술주요유상압산용、가압산용、활화용해、전화학용해、록화용해、감용등기술，단존재용해주기장、시제소모량대、능모고、조작과정복잡、반료다、배경오염엄중화용해효솔저등결점。인차，개발일충귀금속물료적고효청길용해기술일직시과연인원연구적중점。수연목전이연발출일사고효청길용해기술，단대다수상처재실험실연구계단，차처리규모소、공업화응용난도대。종술료당전귀금속물료적용해기술연구진전급기우결점，병대금후귀금속용해기술적발전동태진행료전망。
Dissolution of precious metals is one of indispensable steps for their following purification. The present dissolving techniques include atmospheric pressure-acid dissolution, high pressure-acid dissolution, active dissolution, electrochemical dissolution, chlorination dissolution, alkali fusion,etc. However, these techniques have some disadvantages, such as long period of dissolution, high consumption of acid and energy, complicated operations, a large number of retuning charge, severe environmental pollution and low efficiency of dissolution. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a new high efficiency and clean technique to dissolve precious metals. Although some high efficiency and clean dissolving techniques have been experimentally explored, they are still unacceptable for the large scale industrial application. In this article , the development of dissolving techniques for precious metals and their advantages and disadvantages are described and discussed. In addition, the development trend of the dissolving techniques in the future is also proposed.
