CAJ | 학술논문

探索原子核的电荷与质量极限，合成长寿命超重核是当前原子核物理研究的重要前沿问题之一。本文综述了我们近几年在超重原子核结构性质与合成机制方面取得的理论研究进展。在结构性质方面，利用处理对关联的粒子数守恒方法，基于推转壳模型，系统研究了锕系核与超镄核低激发谱，发展了多维形状约束的协变密度泛函理论并用于研究锕系核势能面和裂变位垒以及N=150同中子素中的非轴对称八极关联等。在超重核合成机制方面，系统研究了利用重离子熔合反应合成超重核的三步过程，包括俘获过程--提出了一个位垒穿透概率新公式、熔合过程--提出了一个基于动力学形变势能面的双核模型、存活过程--系统研究了激发态超重复合核存活概率等。系统研究了合成超重核的热熔合反应，得到的熔合蒸发截面与实验符合，并预言了合成119和120号超重元素的生成截面。
탐색원자핵적전하여질량겁한，합성장수명초중핵시당전원자핵물리연구적중요전연문제지일。본문종술료아문근궤년재초중원자핵결구성질여합성궤제방면취득적이론연구진전。재결구성질방면，이용처리대관련적입자수수항방법，기우추전각모형，계통연구료아계핵여초비핵저격발보，발전료다유형상약속적협변밀도범함이론병용우연구아계핵세능면화렬변위루이급N=150동중자소중적비축대칭팔겁관련등。재초중핵합성궤제방면，계통연구료이용중리자용합반응합성초중핵적삼보과정，포괄부획과정--제출료일개위루천투개솔신공식、용합과정--제출료일개기우동역학형변세능면적쌍핵모형、존활과정--계통연구료격발태초중복합핵존활개솔등。계통연구료합성초중핵적열용합반응，득도적용합증발절면여실험부합，병예언료합성119화120호초중원소적생성절면。
The exploration of charge and mass limits of atomic nuclei and the synthesis of long-lived or stable superheavy nuclei (SHN) are on the frontier of modern nuclear physics. Recent theoretical progresses made by us on the study of structure and synthesis mechanism of SHN are reviewed. The study of structure properties includes a systematic study of low-lying spectra of actinide and transfermium nuclei by using a cranked shell model with the pairing treated by a particle number conserving method (PNC-CSM), the study of potential energy surfaces and fission barriers of actinide nuclei and non-axial octupole correlations in N=150 isotones by using newly-developed multi-dimensional constraint covariant density functional theories (MDC-CDFT). The study of the synthesis mechanism of SHN is carried out by examining in details of the three steps in producing SHN via heavy-ion fusion reactions: i) For the capture process, a new barrier penetration formula is proposed for potential barriers containing a long-range Coulomb interaction; ii) For the fusion process, a dinuclear system model with a dynamical potential energy surface (the DNS-DynPES model) is developed;and iii) For the survival process, a systematic study of the survival probability against fission in the 1n-channel of SHN with 100 6 Z 6 134 is made and it is found that the survival probability in the 1n-channel is mainly determined by the nuclear shell effects. By using the DNS-DynPES model, hot fusion reactions for synthesizing SHN with charge numbers Z=112～120 are studied. The calculated evaporation residue cross sections are in good agreement with available data and predictions are made for synthesizing SHN with Z=119 and 120.