CAJ | 학술논문

在汉语和日语中存在很多意思相近、用法相同的同形词，给语言相互的交流、学习提供了方便。但不留意的话就会掉入同形词的陷阱，使人们在交流中产生各种误解，严重的甚至引起摩擦。因此，中日同形词的对照研究对排除文化障碍也有意义。以中日同形词“先生”为例，对其在两种语言中的词义、用法、色彩等进行了对照分析，得出的结论是：1）汉语的“先生”具有不稳定性，词义一再萎缩；2）历史地看在感情色彩方面汉语的“先生”含褒义、贬义、中性，日语的「先生」基本上为褒义；3）语体色彩方面汉语和日语的“先生”相同，都可用于口语和书面；4）汉语的“先生”只是一个称呼词，而日语的「先生」既是称谓又是职业；5）日语“先生”一词增加了“对他人亲密的或带有玩笑的称呼”这一义项。
재한어화일어중존재흔다의사상근、용법상동적동형사，급어언상호적교류、학습제공료방편。단불류의적화취회도입동형사적함정，사인문재교류중산생각충오해，엄중적심지인기마찰。인차，중일동형사적대조연구대배제문화장애야유의의。이중일동형사“선생”위례，대기재량충어언중적사의、용법、색채등진행료대조분석，득출적결론시：1）한어적“선생”구유불은정성，사의일재위축；2）역사지간재감정색채방면한어적“선생”함포의、폄의、중성，일어적「선생」기본상위포의；3）어체색채방면한어화일어적“선생”상동，도가용우구어화서면；4）한어적“선생”지시일개칭호사，이일어적「선생」기시칭위우시직업；5）일어“선생”일사증가료“대타인친밀적혹대유완소적칭호”저일의항。
There exist in Chinese and Japanese a lot of homographs,very close in meaning and similar in usage,which provides much convenience in cultural exchange and language acquisition.However,it is also easy to fall into the pitfall of homographs:misunderstanding or even conflicts in communication. Thus,the comparative study of homographs in the two languages is of great significance to the removal of cultural barriers.This paper intends to explore the homographs of“mister”in terms of word meaning,use and affective meaning.It has yielded the following findings:1 ) The word “mister”in Chinese is semantically unstable,characterized by the narrowing of meaning;2 ) The Chinese word “mister”is complimentary,pejorative or neutral,and the word in Japanese is primarily complimentary;3)In terms of stylistics,the pair bears similarity,and can both be used colloquially and literarily;4)The Chinese word is a mere address term,while its Japanese counterpart indicates appellation and occupation as well;5 ) As an appellation,the Japanese word extends its meaning to “an affective or amusing form of address”.